标准和标准化概念的多学科观点(之五)--Brunsson和Busch的社会学观点  

Multi-disciplinary Perspectives on the Concepts of Standards and Standardization(5) -- The Sociological View of Brunsson and Busch

作　　者：王平[1] 梁正[2] WANG Ping;LIANG Zheng(China National Institute of Standardization;Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]中国标准化研究院 [2]清华大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《标准科学》2020年第5期6-15,31,共11页Standard Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“标准化对自主创新与产业发展的作用机理及相关公共政策研究”(项目编号:71373137);国家自然科学基金应急项目“创新驱动发展面临的新形势、新挑战与应对政策研究”(项目编号:71441025);国家社科基金重大项目“中国标准治理与全球贸易规则重构研究”(项目编号:17ZDA099)共同资助。

摘　　要：本文首先分别介绍Brunsson N和Busch L关于标准化的主要社会学观点,包括标准是某个人或机构为其他人或其他机构给出的建议或处方,标准是支撑社会运行的规则之一,标准与人的行为准则、法律之间的关系,标准的分类和主要特征等等。笔者对他们的观点进行了深入讨论,认为标准是规则以及标准是现实世界的处方的观点对认识标准的本质有重要意义,并提出创新和标准在人类社会发展过程中是一对不可分割的核心要素。This paper respectively introduces the major sociological perspectives of Brunsson N and Busch L on standardization, including that a standard is an advice or recipe given by an individual or an organization for other individuals or other organizations, the standard is one of the rules to support the operation of an entire society, the relationship between standards and the norms of human behavior and laws, as well as the classification and main features of standard and so on. The authors make an in-depth discussion on their viewpoints, hold that the viewpoint that standard is the rule and the recipe of reality is important to understand the essence of the standard, and point out that innovation and standard are a pair of inseparable core elements in the development of human society.

关 键 词：标准概念 社会学 规则 自愿性标准 强制性标准 

分 类 号：F203[经济管理—国民经济]