2007年和2017年职业危害三氯乙烯在深圳的存在及变迁  

Existence and change of trichloroethylene as occupational hazard in Shenzhen in 2007 and 2017

作　　者：尹江伟[1] 钟伟燕[1] 徐小作[1] 肖惠贞[1] 闫慧芳[2] YIN Jiang-wei;ZHONG Wei-yan;XU Xiao-zuo;XIAHui-zhen;YAN Hui-fang(Bao’an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518101,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市宝安区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518101 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2020年第9期1140-1143,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的了解深圳地区职业病危害因素三氯乙烯2007年和2017年在来源方面的情况及变化。方法通过对2007年的395份和2017年的981份挥发性组分数据的分析、汇总、统计和比较,寻找三氯乙烯存在特点及变化规律。结果 2007年三氯乙烯的检出率为10. 6%,2017年为5. 7%,有较大的下降(χ~2=10. 32,P=0. 001 3)。洗板水中检出率最高,其次为清洗剂,二者合计分别占到了检出样品总数的70. 0%(2007年)和66. 1%(2017年)。2017年,在标示为酒精的8份样品中检出了三氯乙烯。职业危害因素三氯乙烯多与其他有机化合物共存,包括烷烃、醇、卤代烷烃、环烷烃、芳香烃、卤代烯烃等。三氯乙烯和正己烷共同检出的比例在8%~9%。结论深圳市场上使用含有三氯乙烯的产品比例在下降,三氯乙烯的职业病危害依旧主要来源于洗板水和清洁剂,样品名称与内容不符的情况仍较严重。Objective To understand the situation and changes of trichloroethylene(TCE)in Shenzhen between 2007 and 2017 as an occupational hazardous factor.Methods The volatile components of 395 samples in 2007 and 981 samples in 2017 were analyzed and compared.Several statistical methods were used to explore the situation and changes of trichloroethylene sources in Shenzhen.Results The detection rate of trichloroethylene was 10.6%in 2007.It decreased to 5.7%in 2017 with a significant decrease(χ~2=10.32,P=0.0013).The highest detection rate of trichloroethylene was found in washboard water,followed by detergent.They accounted for 70.0%(2007)and 66.1%(2017)of the total samples.Trichloroethylene was found in eight samples which labeled as alcohol.Trichloroethylene commonly coexists with other organic compounds,mainly including alkanes,alcohols,haloalkanes,cycloalkanes,aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated olefins.The proportion of co-detection of trichloroethylene and n-hexane was within 8%-9%.Conclusion The proportion of products containing trichloroethylene in Shenzhen market has declined.The occupational hazards of trichloroethylene still mainly come from washboard water and detergent.Inconsistency between sample names and contents is still serious.

关 键 词：三氯乙烯 职业危害因素 来源 变化 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]