世界各国宪法文本中基本权利主体研究  

A Study of Subjects of Fundamental Rights in the Constitutional Text of Countries Aound the World

作　　者：左晶[1] 李楠 ZUO Jing;LI Nan(Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics,Urumqi 830012,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆财经大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830012

出　　处：《新疆财经大学学报》2020年第2期63-71,共9页Journal of Xinjiang University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“新疆违法流浪儿童预防、救助、回归研究”(14XJJC820003)。

摘　　要：世界各国宪法文本中多采用将人和公民作为基本权利主体的立法体例,人的权利义务和公民的权利义务呈现并存的特点,人的权利与公民权利之间的界限在一定程度上决定了宪法文本中公权力恣意的空间,人的权利空间越大,公权力恣意的空间就越小,当基本权利全部专属于公民时,公权力就拥有了将任意人划出公民范围的最大恣意空间。在我国宪法现有体例之下,政治权利定位存在一定的模糊性,人和公民的权利空间并不十分明确,以国籍确定公民缺少限制性规定,因此在尊重和保障人权的宪法原则之下,应对人的权利和公民权利进行相应的续造。The subjects of fundamental rights in the text of the Constitution mainly employ"human"and"citizen"as the main body of the fundamental rights legislation with characteristics of coexistence of rights and obligations of both human and cit⁃izen.To a certain extent,the boundaries between human rights and citizen rights determines the arbitrary space of public power,because the larger the space of human rights,the smaller the arbitrary space of the public power,and when basic rights are exclu⁃sively reserved for citizens,the public power will have the most arbitrary space to carve out anyone from the citizens.Under the current constitutional system in China,there is a certain ambiguity in the positioning of political rights,and the space between human and citizen rights is not very clear.There is a lack of restrictive provisions in the determination of citizens based on their nationality.Therefore,under the constitutional principle of respecting and protecting human rights,human rights and citizen rights should be extended accordingly.

关 键 词：宪法 基本权利主体 人 公民 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]