日本近代文学中孔子形象的流变——由小说《麒麟》中的“子见南子”说起  

The Evolution of Confucius Image in Modern Japanese Literature:Starting from Kirin

作　　者：高洁[1] Gao Jie

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学日本文化经济学院

出　　处：《中国比较文学》2020年第2期146-160,共15页Comparative Literature in China

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“日本大正时期文学的中国叙述”(批准号19FWWB009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：日本作家谷崎润一郎在小说《麒麟》中,借"子见南子"的故事塑造了邪恶美丽的强者--南子,相形之下孔子的形象显得悲壮无力。在中岛敦的小说《弟子》中,子路虽然崇敬孔子,但对儒家的礼乐道德不能释然。在日本近代文学涉及孔子的这些文本中,对于儒学及其鼻祖孔子并非是单一的崇拜或者批判,而是将孔子作为一个"凡人"来表象,力图呈现出一个"亲民"的孔子形象。与中国现代新文化运动对儒教与孔子的彻底批判不同,日本近世以来,儒学虽然不断受到批评,但是从未有过要彻底否定儒学的社会风气,而《教育勅语》对"忠君爱国"等儒教道德的推崇,使之甚至成为官方意识形态的一环,更是在太平洋战争中达到极致。In his novel Kirin,Japanese writer Jun’ichiro Tanizaki uses the story of"Confucius Meeting Nanzi"to portray the image of evil but beautiful strong woman Nanzi.By contrast,Confucius seems powerless and solemn.Although Zilu respects Confucius in Nakajima Atsushi’s novel Deshi,he cann’t whole heartedly accept Confucian ethics of ritual and music.In these texts concerning Confucius in modern Japanese literature,he is not simply worshiped or criticized,but is represented as an ordinary person in an attempt to present a"man-of-people"image of Confucius.Unlike the negative critique of Confucianism and Confucius by the Chinese New Culture Movement in modern times,although Confucianism has been criticized continuously since modern times in Japan,there has never been a social atmosphere to completely deny Confucianism.The promotion of Confucian morality such as"loyalty to the monarch and patriotism"in Kyoiku Chokugo has even made it a part of official ideology and reached its acme in the Pacific War.

关 键 词：孔子 子见南子 《麒麟》 《弟子》 《竹青》 

分 类 号：I313.074[文学—其他各国文学]