国家核损害补偿责任浅议  

Discussion On National Liability for Nuclear Damage Compensation

作　　者：冉丹 郭红欣[2] 李无梦 

机构地区：[1]中国核工业集团有限公司审计与法务部,北京100073 [2]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073 [3]上海财经大学法学院,上海200433

出　　处：《中国能源》2020年第5期31-35,共5页Energy of China

摘　　要：核技术是现代科学技术的重要组成部分,是当今高科技发展的重要领域之一。核损害赔偿体现了法律责任机制应对高科技风险的挑战与回应。日本福岛核事故所引发的赔偿展示出核损害赔偿实现的复杂性,反映出传统法律机制回应风险社会各项挑战的不足。各国现行核损害赔偿立法均确认核设施营运人是承担核损害赔偿民事责任的唯一主体,国家负有财务担保责任。从风险规制的角度来说,核能的开发利用是国家代表公众所做出的风险决策,核风险演变为实际损害后,国家应对核损害受害人负有补偿责任。建议我国核损害赔偿体系应在确立核设施营运人民事赔偿唯一责任主体的基础之上,以国家补偿责任为落脚点,建立多元主体参与的赔偿渠道,保障核损害受害人可以及时获得救济。Nuclear technology is an important part of modern science and technology and one of the important fields of high-tech development today.The mechanism of the compensation for nuclear damage represents the challenge and response of the legal obligation or liability mechanism to high-tech risks.The compensation for nuclear damage caused by the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan shows its complication and difficulties of the legal system of compensation for nuclear damage.This paper focuses on the realization of government assistance obligation,argues that the state should assume the state liability of reimbursement for nuclear damage.The decision to develop nuclear technology is the result of government’s risk decision-making behavior.Finally,this paper proposes that the realization of compensation liability for nuclear damage in China should be based on state liability of reimbursement.The state should provide certain standard to reimburse victims of nuclear damage while carrying out emergency rescue work,so as to ensure that victims of nuclear damage can obtain relief timely.

关 键 词：核损害赔偿 核设施营运人 国家 风险决策 补偿责任 

分 类 号：TK01[动力工程及工程热物理]