赛博空间中的天线散射特性研究  

Scattering characteristics of antennas in cyberspace

作　　者：柴建忠 陈航宇 洪昊晖 钞旭 赵京城[2] CHAI Jian-zhong;CHEN Hang-yu;HONG Hao-hui;CHAO Xi;ZHO Jing-cheng(AVIC The First Aircraft Institute,Xi'an 710089,China;School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]航空工业第一飞机设计研究院,西安710089 [2]北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院,北京1001918

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2020年第4期448-454,共7页Chinese Journal of Engineering

摘　　要：5G网络技术可以满足赛博空间(Cyberspace)发展对通信平台性能提出的高要求,大规模MIMO(Multiple-input multiple-output)天线阵列是5G核心技术之一.实际中大规模MIMO天线阵列的互耦效应会大大降低香农容量,在未来5G天线系统中,面临的最大挑战是如何有效消除阵列中单元天线间的互耦.针对大规模阵列天线互耦问题,应进行天线单元的散射特性研究.本文在开路状态下"不可见"的最小散射天线基础上,推导了最小散射天线串联四分之一波长透明网络的散射矩阵,证明该状态即为短路状态下的最小散射天线.对一种X波段波纹喇叭天线分别进行短路、开路、匹配三种负载状态下的散射测量,根据最小散射天线理论分离出了天线的额外散射、伴随散射和失配散射.用分离获得的散射分量,推算了波纹喇叭天线的散射最大值和最小值,其中推算出的最小值远低于天线匹配时的散射.用滑动短路器作为可变负载,进行预设负载状态下波纹喇叭天线的散射测量,实测获得了推算出的散射最大值和最小值,验证了单元天线散射特性研究的正确性.结果说明,在进行大规模阵列的单元天线设计时,除了考虑单元天线的辐射特性之外,也要考虑天线的散射特性,以降低天线的互耦效应.5 G network technology can meet the high requirements of cyberspace development in the performance of communication platforms. Massive MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output) antenna array is one of the core technologies of 5 G. The mutual coupling effect of massive MIMO antenna arrays will greatly reduce the Shannon capacity. In future 5 G antenna systems, the biggest challenge is how to effectively eliminate the mutual coupling between the antennas in the array. The same antenna radiation pattern may correspond to many different forms of antenna. These different antennas have the same radiation characteristics but different scattering characteristics. To reduce the mutual coupling of large-scale antenna arrays, antenna elements with low scattering characteristics should be selected. To address the mutual coupling problem of large-scale array antennas, the scattering characteristics of antenna elements are studied. On the basis of the "invisible" minimum scattering antenna in the open-circuit state, the scattering matrix of the minimum scattering antenna connected in series with a quarter-wavelength transparent network is deduced. Findings indicate that this setup is the suitable minimum scattering antenna in the short-circuit state. The scattering formulas of a corrugated horn antenna under short-circuit,open-circuit, and matching loads are deduced by using a series network model. On the basis of these formulas, the calculation methods of excess scattering, associated scattering, and mismatched scattering components of the antenna are deduced. Scattering measurements of an X-band corrugated horn antenna under short-circuit, open-circuit, and matching loads are performed. According to minimum scattering antenna theory,the excess scattering,associated scattering,and mismatched scattering of the antenna are separated.Then,the maximum and minimum scattering of the corrugated horn antenna are calculated by using the separated scattering components;the calculated minimum scattering is much lower than the scattering when

关 键 词：大规模阵列天线 互耦 最小散射天线 额外散射 伴随散射 滑动短路器 

分 类 号：TN820.1[电子电信—信息与通信工程]