司法大数据应用的法理冲突与价值平衡——从法国司法大数据禁令展开  

Jurisprudence Conflict and Value Balance in the Application of Judicial Big Data:A Survey on the Article 33 of French Judicial Reform Act 2019

作　　者：王禄生[1,2] Wang Lusheng

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院 [2]东南大学人民法院司法大数据研究基地

出　　处：《比较法研究》2020年第2期133-146,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“面向诉讼全流程的一体化便民服务技术及装备研究”(2018YFC0830200);最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“大数据视角下‘智慧检务’建设基本理论与实施规划研究”(GJ2017C09)的资助。

摘　　要：2019年3月法国立法机关颁布的2019-222号法律第33条禁止基于法官身份的数据分析、比较、评估与预测,由此将判决书大数据应用限制在相对有限的领域。上述禁令的出台,是立法机关对司法大数据应用与法官隐私、司法独立、司法权威、司法公正之间法理冲突的回应。其深层次原因是改革者平衡司法公开与个人信息、司法权威与言论自由、司法独立与技术主义、法官个人与法院整体等价值之后选择的折衷方案。围绕禁令的讨论对规范我国司法大数据应用具有重要的启示意义。在我国司法大数据应用中有必要引入个人信息保护理念,破除片面技术主义误区。在此基础上,推动司法大数据应用的常规备案与伦理审查、明确司法大数据应用的非约束性适用原则、建立司法大数据应用的负面清单制度。In March 2019,the article 33 of French Judicial Reform Act(No.2019-222)promulgated by the French legislature prohibits the analysis,comparison,evaluation and prediction of judicial big data based on the identity of judges,thus restricting the application of big data in judgments to relatively limited fields.The above prohibition is the response of the legislature to the conflict between the application of judicial big data and traditional jurisprudence,namely judges’privacy,judicial independence,judicial authority and judicial fairness.The underlying reason is the compromise chosen by the reformers after balancing the values of judicial openness and personal information,judicial authority and freedom of speech,judicial independence and technicalism,judicial individualism and judicial collectivism.The discussion around the prohibition is of great significance for regulating the application of judicial big data in China.The solution is to introduce the concept of personal information protection into the application of judicial big data in our country and break the misunderstanding of one-sided technicalism.On this basis,we should promote the routine filing and ethical review of judicial big data application,clarify the non-binding applicable principle of judicial big data application,and establish the negative list system of judicial big data application.

关 键 词：司法大数据 法官画像 司法公开 预测性司法 法国司法改革 

分 类 号：D956.5[政治法律—法学] DD916