论美国行政程序违法的法律后果  

On the Legal Consequences of the Violation of Administrative Procedures in the United States

作　　者：李烁 Li Shuo

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2020年第2期189-200,共12页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：2016年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“公法争议与公法救济研究”(项目编号:16JJD820001);2018年国家社科基金青年项目“内部行政程序的法律规制研究”(项目编号:18CFX018)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在美国,作为法院开展程序合法性审查的主要依据,《联邦行政程序法》第706节第2款第4项规定,对于行政机关"没有遵守法律规定的程序"之行为,法院"应当宣布非法并予以撤销"。但在程序合法性审查中,基于"无害错误"规则以及"不撤销而发回重作"这一替代性判决在不同层面的适用,行政程序违法法律后果--撤销,抑或不撤销--的确定始终是一个由法院个案衡量的问题,个案衡量的背后反映的是美国法院寻求程序法治与行政效率相平衡的努力。美国的这一经验可为我国同类问题的检讨提供智识上的支持。In the United States,as the main basis of judicial review of the legality of administrative procedures,the APA,§706(2)(D),instructs that the court"Shall declare illegal and revoke"the agency action that satisfies the standards of"without observance of procedure required by law."But in the judicial review of the violation of administrative procedures,based on the judicial application of the rule of"harmless error"and the Alternative remedy of"remand without vacation"at different levels,the determination of the legal consequences-vacation,or non-vacation-of the violation of administrative procedures has always been a matter measured case by case,behind which reflects the efforts of the US courts to seek a balance between procedural rule of law and administrative efficiency.This experience of the United States provides intellectual support for the review of similar problems in our country.

关 键 词：行政程序违法 “无害错误”规则 不撤销而发回重作 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD915