试论汝官窑青瓷制釉技术的南传与发展  

On The Ru Guan-Celadon Glaze Formula’s Passing Down and Innovating in The South

作　　者：丁银忠[1] 李合[1] 王光尧[2] 孙新民 唐俊杰[4] 沈琼华 Ding Yinzhong;Li He;Wang Guangyao;Sun Xinmin;Tang Junjie;Shen Qionghua

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院文保科技部 [2]故宫博物院器物部 [3]河南省文物考古研究院 [4]杭州市文物考古研究所 [5]浙江省博物馆

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2020年第4期86-92,110,共8页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:51702054)的资助。

摘　　要：河南宝丰清凉寺窑场为北宋末年官府设立的一处官窑,开创了烧制天青色、玉质感强的厚釉青瓷先河。宋室南迁之后在浙江上林湖地区和杭州分别烧制出类汝窑的低岭头类官窑和南宋官窑青瓷。为了科学揭示汝窑、低岭头类官窑和南宋官窑之间在制釉技术上的传承关系,本文对三座窑的釉层元素组成、制釉原料和技术进行了科学研究,结果表明:(1)三座窑瓷器的青瓷釉层主、次量元素组成类似,制釉技术具有明显的承继关系;(2)低岭头类官窑和南宋官窑青瓷可能采用了高K2O低TiO2含量的瓷石或长石类原料,同时石灰石和草木灰类原料按特定比例配釉以达到与汝官窑青瓷极其类似的元素组成特征;(3)低岭头类官窑和老虎洞南宋官窑并未采用南方传统越窑青瓷的以草木灰和瓷石的配釉技术,而是承继了北方汝官窑青瓷的核心制釉技术,创造出与浙江传统透明青釉瓷迥异的青瓷新产品。The Ru Guan-celadon ware was first fired in the Qingliangsi state-run kiln much earlier than the Dilingtou Guan-styled celadon and the Southern-Song Guan-celadon products made in the kilns in Shanghulin and Hangzhou areas respectively. The celadon products of the three kilns were born at the different periods of the Song dynasty, but they have sort of the shared features. The thesis proceeds the Ru Guan-celadon(Official-celadon), the Dilingtou Guan-styled celadon(Official-styled celadon) and the Southern-Song Guan-greenish ceramic(Official-greenish ceramic) for the contrast analysis between the glaze elements, materials and techniques as well. The conclusion is as follows: First, the glazes contain similar major and minor materials. The glaze-making techniques are interlinked in succession. Second, there is possibility that the kind of greenish ceramic has the mixture of ceramic stone or feldspar with high K2O and low TiO2 content and a certain ratio of limestone and ash together to meet the formula composition close to that of the Ru Guan-celadon. Third, neither the Dilingtou official-styled celadon(Guan-styled celadon) nor the Southern-Song official-greenish ceramic(Guan-greenish ceramic) fail to take the southern traditional formula using ash and stone which is used for the making of Yue kiln glaze, but they both followed the northern core techniques making glazes for the Ru Guan-celadon. Besides, they created the newly-styled porcelains distinguished from the traditional transparent Yue ware made in Zhejiang region.

关 键 词：汝窑 老虎洞南宋官窑 低岭头类官窑 制釉技术 承继关系 

分 类 号：TQ174.614[化学工程—陶瓷工业]