昆虫谷氨酸门控氯离子通道研究进展  

Research advances in insect glutamate-gated chloride channels

作　　者：孟祥坤 杨雪梅 戈惠臣 王建军[1] MENG Xiangkun;YANG Xuemei;GE Huichen;WANG Jianjun(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《植物保护》2020年第3期23-29,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(31701807);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金(BK20170491)。

摘　　要：谷氨酸门控氯离子通道(GluCls)介导快速抑制性神经传导,目前只发现于无脊椎动物中,是开发新型杀虫剂的理想作用靶标。GluCls属于半胱氨酸环超家族的配体门控离子通道,在昆虫中只发现有1个α亚基,但可以通过选择性剪接生成多种亚基剪接变体并且能够形成功能性受体。除了典型的神经传导功能外,GluCls还参与调控昆虫保幼激素合成及生长发育等生理功能。GluCls的氨基酸突变和表达量变化是导致昆虫对杀虫剂产生抗药性的部分原因。本文主要从GluCls的分子特征、选择性剪接、药理学性质、生理功能和昆虫的抗药性5个方面对昆虫GluCls的研究进展作一综述,为新型杀虫剂的研发提供理论基础。Glutamate-gated chloride channels(GluCls) mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission in invertebrate nervous systems, and are of considerable interest in insecticide discovery. GluCls belong to the ligand-gated ion channels(LGICs) superfamily. Although only one α subunit was found in insects, a number of variants are generated by the alternative splicing of GluCl α subunit and form the functional GluCls receptors. In addition to the classical neurotransmission function, GluCls have been demonstrated to regulate the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone and the growth and development of insects. The mutation and changes of expression level of GluCls contributed to insecticide resistance in insects. This review introduced the research status of insect GluCls,including the molecular characteristics, alternative splicing, pharmacological properties, physiological function, relationships with insect resistance, and provide the basis for the development of new insecticides.

关 键 词：谷氨酸门控氯离子通道 分子特征 选择性剪接 药理学性质 生理学功能 昆虫抗药性 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]