大葱水提物对辣椒疫病的控制作用及其活性成分分析  

Control effect of the aqueous extract from Allium fistulosum on pepper phytophthora blight and its active components

作　　者：陈煜文 何超 陈夕军[1] 贺振[1] 魏利辉[2] 刘邮洲[2] 黄奔立[1] CHEN Yuwen;HE Chao;CHEN Xijun;HE Zhen;WEI Lihui;LIU Youzhou;HUANG Benli(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州225009 [2]江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《植物保护》2020年第3期78-84,93,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-24-C-01);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)项目(BE2018359);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(18)2005]。

摘　　要：为明确大葱水提物对辣椒疫病的控制效果及其主要活性成分,通过室内毒力、田间防效以及GC-MS联用测定发现,大葱茎叶与根水提物均对辣椒疫病菌有一定抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制作用越强。在含300 mg/mL根水提物的平板上培养2 d,辣椒疫病菌菌丝生长的抑制率高达81.50%;但随着时间的推移,抑制作用减弱,5 d后,200 mg/mL根和茎叶水提物对病菌的抑制率仅为34.18%和25.62%。用300 mg/mL大葱水提物灌根,对辣椒疫病的防效可达50%左右。将大葱与辣椒轮作或混栽可有效降低田间辣椒疫病的病情,防病效果分别为40.67%和41.21%。GC-MS测定结果表明,大葱根和茎叶水提物中分别含有14种和28种挥发性物质,且均以有机硫化物为主,分别占总挥发性物质的82.17%和99.40%,这些硫化物对辣椒疫病菌的生长均有较强的抑制作用。这些结果表明,大葱产生的挥发性物质在辣椒疫病的绿色防控上有很好的应用前景。To determine the effect of the aqueous extracts welsh onion from Allium fistulosum on the growth of Phytophthora capsici and pepper phytophthora blight, the extracts from different parts of the welsh onion plant were added into the medium or poured into the rhizosphere soil of pepper. The results showed that the aqueous extracts from different parts of welsh onion had significantly inhibitory effects on the growth of P.capsici. After 2 days, the fungus cultured in the medium containing 300 mg/mL aqueous extracts from welsh onion root was significantly inhibited and the inhibition rate reached 81.50%. As time went on, the effects of the extracts from welsh onion root and stem on the pathogen growth gradually decreased and the inhibition rates were only 34.18% and 25.62%, respectively, at the 5 th day. The solution containing 300 mg/mL aqueous extracts from welsh onion was poured into the rhizosphere of pepper, which reduced the severity of pepper phytophthora blight by about 50%. Rotation or mixed planting with welsh onion could effectively reduce the disease of pepper blight, and the control effects were up to 40.67% and 41.21%, respectively. The results of GC-MS showed that there were 14 or 28 kinds of volatile substances in the aqueous extract of onion root and stem/leaf, mainly organic sulfide, accounting for 82.17% or 99.40%, respectively. Some organic sulfides had strong inhibitory effect on the growth of P.capsici. These results indicated that volatile substances from welsh onion had a good application prospect for the green prevention and control of pepper blight.

关 键 词：控制作用 活性成分 水提物 辣椒疫病 大葱 

分 类 号：S482.1[农业科学—农药学]