基于机器视觉的飞轮齿圈缺陷和尺寸检测方法  

Method for fault defection and size measurement for flywheel ring gear based on machine vision

作　　者：汪凤林 周扬[1] 叶绿[1] 周武杰[1] WANG Fenglin;ZHOU Yang;YE Lü;ZHOU Wujie(School of Information and Electronic Engineering,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技学院信息与电子工程学院,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《中国测试》2020年第5期31-38,共8页China Measurement & Test

基　　金：浙江省省级科技特派员项目(JY2019005)。

摘　　要：为实现飞轮齿圈快速检测,提出一种基于机器视觉技术完成飞轮齿圈的缺齿、残齿等缺陷检测的方法,对于无缺陷齿圈,该方法也实现齿圈中心圆、齿顶圆、齿根圆、齿厚、齿距的测量和分度圆、模数计算。该方法首先对齿圈图像增强和边缘轮廓提取,计算齿根处边缘对的距离,差分运算获得齿轮廓及其特征判断是否存在缺陷。针对无缺陷轮廓,进一步使用凸包检测齿顶点和寻找到齿根点,并拟合齿顶圆和齿根圆,计算分度圆和模数,最后,齿圈轮廓与分度圆做差集,获得齿厚轮廓,计算出齿厚和齿距。经实验,该方法对不同规格的飞轮齿圈均有效,能自动检测出齿圈缺齿和残齿的具体位置;对无缺陷飞轮齿圈的齿厚和齿距最大测量标准差为0.226 8 mm,检测值与标称尺寸值最大偏差为0.181 0 mm,满足汽车发动机飞轮齿圈检测的国家标准要求。In order to realize the rapid detection of some quality factors of flywheel ring gear,the defects of missing and residual teeth of flywheel ring gear were detected based on machine vision technology,and the center circle,tooth top circle,tooth root circle,tooth thickness and tooth distance of non-defective flywheel ring gear were measured,as well as the dividing circle and modulus were calculated.Image enhancement and image preprocessing such as edge contour extraction were carried out on flywheel ring gear image.The distance of the edge pair at the tooth root was calculated,and the tooth missing condition was detected.The gear profile was obtained by difference calculation.For the profile of the non-defective flywheel ring gear,the convex hull is used to detect the tooth vertex,the distance function is used to find the tooth root point,the least square method is used to fit the tooth apex circle and the tooth root circle,and the dividing circle and modulus are calculated.The experiment shows that the defect and size detection can be done for three types of flywheel ring gear with different specifications,and the specific positions of missing teeth and residual teeth defects of the flywheel ring gears with defects can be quickly and automatically detected.When measuring the size of the non-defective flywheel ring gear,the maximum error between the maximum standard deviation is 0.2268 mm and the detection value and nominal size value is 0.1810 mm,which meets the national standard requirements for the detection of the flywheel ring gear of automobile engines.

关 键 词：飞轮齿圈 机器视觉 缺陷检测 尺寸测量 图像处理 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]