全球价值链视野下的欧盟人工智能竞争力分析  

Analysis of the EU Artificial Intelligence Competitiveness from the Perspective of Global Value Chain

作　　者：黄郑亮 Huang Zhengliang(School of Advanced International and Area Studies of East China Normal University;Decision Consulting Research Base of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际关系与地区发展研究院 [2]上海市人民政府决策咨询研究基地余南平工作室

出　　处：《国际关系研究》2020年第1期51-66,155,156,共18页Journal of International Relations

基　　金：2019年上海市人民政府决策咨询研究基地年度课题“全球价值链结构性调整与上海对策研究”(项目编号:2019—GR—13)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人工智能的出现不仅是技术本身的升级,更为全球价值链带来了变革动力。欧盟凭借自身在科研和产业方面的基础,以及在人工智能"治理"领域的优势,占据着全球价值链的上游位置,为世界其他国家的人工智能发展提供必要的技术和研发支持。然而,欧盟特殊的政治经济结构并不适应变革中的全球价值链。一方面欧盟缺少人工智能发展所需的主导力量,造成资源的分散;另一方面,欧盟尚未在算力和算法领域实现有效的突破,这些技术瓶颈依然制约着欧盟人工智能的发展。这两大隐患使欧盟在面对美国和中国等人工智能大国时,显得竞争力不足,而这也正是未来欧盟人工智能的改革方向。The emergence of artificial intelligence is not only an upgrade on technology,but also gives an impetus to the revolution in the global value chain.Based on solid scientific research and industrial foundations and superiorities in the field of artificial intelligence"governance",the EU occupies the upstream position of the global value chain,and provides the necessary technological and R&D supports for the development of artificial intelligence in the rest of the world.However,the special political and economic structure of the EU fails to adapt to the global value chain under ongoing revolution.On one hand,the leading force,required for the development of artificial intelligence,is absent in the EU,resulting in the dispersion of resources.On the other hand,the EU has not yet made effective breakthroughs in both computing power and algorithm.These technological bottlenecks still restrict the development of artificial intelligence in the EU.These two hidden troubles make the EU appear to be insufficiently competitive in the face of great artificial intelligence powers(such as the United States and China).In fact,this is also the future reform direction of artificial intelligence in the EU.

关 键 词：全球价值链 人工智能 欧盟治理 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]