高等学校法律地位变革的功能导向与风险因应  

Functional Orientation and Risk Response of Higher Education Institutions’Legal Status Reform

作　　者：姚荣 YAO Rong

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2020年第3期46-56,共11页University Education Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“高等教育质量保障的法律规制研究”(CIA180271)。

摘　　要：伴随着高等学校任务体系的持续扩张,高等学校法律地位变革的功能导向不断强化。在大陆法系国家,高等学校通常具有基本权主体、国家机构或公法设施以及民事主体或公法意义上的法人等“多重”且“交叠”的法律地位。在英美法系国家,高等学校作为“混合型机构”的特征日益凸显。经由普通法与成文法的持续发展,形塑出高等学校作为自治机构、公共当局、非营利性机构以及贸易实体或法人等不同类型且富有“张力”的法律地位。高等学校法律地位变革中功能导向的强化,既为高等教育治理中多元利益的整合提供了可能,也客观上导致高等学校作为学术机构本质的式微,并衍生出自治权限萎缩、利益冲突状况加剧、教师权利危机凸显等诸多风险。在此背景下,如何调整学术子系统与法律系统之间的复杂关系,如何在传统与现代之间保持必要的张力,构成大学法研究的前沿议题。With the continuous expansion of the task system of higher education institutions,the functional orientation of legal status reform of higher education institutions has been continuously strengthened.In the civil law system,institutions of higher education usually have multiple and overlapping legal status,such as the subject of basic rights,state institutions(i.e.administrative organs)or public law facilities,as well as civil subjects or legal persons in the sense of public law.In the common law system,the characteristics of higher education institutions as"hybrid institutions"are increasingly prominent.Through the continuous development of common law and written law,it has shaped the different types and"tension"legal status of institutions of higher learning as autonomous institutions,public authorities,non-profit organizations,and trading entities or legal persons.The strengthening of the function orientation in the transformation of the legal status of higher education institutions does not only provide the possibility for the integration of multiple interests in the governance of higher education(including internal and external),but also objectively leads to the decline of the essence of higher education institutions as academic institutions,and derives many risks,such as decrease in autonomy,increase in conflict of interests,and the crisis of teachers'rights.In this context,how to adjust the complex relationship between the academic subsystem and the legal system,and how to maintain the necessary tension between the traditional and the modern systems,constitute the front issues of university law research.

关 键 词：高等学校法律地位 功能导向 混合型机构 学术自由 大学自治 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]