资本主义福利国家的必然性、局限性与面临的挑战——基于经济全球化视阈的历史唯物主义诠释和启示  

The Necessity,Limitation and Challenges of Capitalistic Welfare State:Explanation and Revelation of Historic Materialism Based on Economic Globalization View

作　　者：舒建华[1] SHU Jian-hua(Party School of Guangdong Provincial Committee of CPC,Guangzhou 510053,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中共广东省委党校中国特色社会主义研究所,广东广州510053

出　　处：《西部论坛》2020年第3期15-26,共12页West Forum

基　　金：广州市哲学社会科学“十三五”规划项目(2020GIGJ275);广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划项目(GD16YMK03);中共广东省委党校2019年度课题(XYYB201903)。

摘　　要：资本主义福利国家的产生和发展是第二次世界大战后资本主义社会应对生产力发展和生产方式变化的自我调整,具有历史必然性,也具有自身局限性:形式上的"国家回归"没有改变资本主义私有制生产关系,无法消除资本主义社会的根本矛盾和经济危机;社会普遍高福利的实现(部分)依赖于凭借显著竞争优势在世界市场上获取的超额利润,福利模式具有排他性和剥削性,不能为落后国家所复制,也不能成为世界福利模式。因而,资本主义福利国家成为发达国家的特权,且当经济危机爆发或出现经济滞胀时,其会采取削减甚至拆除社会福利的措施以追求资本和财富的积累。随着经济全球化发展,资本积累与社会福利的矛盾日益凸显,资本主义福利国家模式面临实践上的可持续性和价值上的普适性双重挑战。借鉴资本主义福利国家的经验教训,后发国家应努力提升"结构的或根本性的竞争力",寻求经济与社会的平衡发展;中国还应充分发挥国家制度和国家治理体系的显著优势,积极建设国家主导、福利要素多元、福利机制灵活的中国特色社会主义福利社会。The emergence and development of the welfare state of capitalistic society is the self-adjustment of productivity development and model change of capitalist society after World War II,which has historic necessity and self-limitation.Formal"Nation Returning"does not change the production relation of capitalist private ownership,and the general high welfare of the society depends on the excess profit obtained from the world market by obvious competitive advantage.As a result,capitalist welfare state becomes the privilege of developed countries,which will cut or even eliminate social welfare to pursue the accumulation of capital and wealth when economic crisis breaks out or deflation emerges.With the development of economic globalization,the contradiction between capital accumulation and social welfare becomes more and more serious,and capitalist welfare state model faces the double challenges of the sustainability in practice and suitability in value.Based on the experience and lessons of capitalist welfare states,the latecomer countries should boost"structural or basic competence",and seek the balanced development between economy and society.China should bring into fully play the remarkable advantage of nation system and national governance system and actively build the welfare society of the socialism with Chinese characteristics with nation leading,multi-factor of welfare and flexible mechanism.

关 键 词：资本主义福利国家 经济全球化 国际经济竞争力 资本积累 社会福利 福利需求 福利模式 福利社会 

分 类 号：F030[经济管理—政治经济学] F061.4