在不同棉区噻苯隆和乙烯利用量及配比对脱叶催熟效果影响  

Effect of Thidiazuron and Ethylene Use and Ratio on Defoliation Ripening in Different Cotton Area

作　　者：宋兴虎 徐东永 孙璐 赵文超 曹龙龙 张祥[6] 唐纪元 韩焕勇[8] 王洪这 陈洪章 王林 赵冰梅[11] 杜明伟 田晓莉 李召虎 Song Xinghu;Xu Dongyong;Sun Lu;Zhao Wenchao;Cao Longlong;Zhang Xiang;Tang Jiyuan;Han Huanyong;Wang Hongzhe;Chen Hongzhang;Wang Lin;Zhao Bingmei;Du Mingwei;Tian Xiaoli;Li Zhaohu(State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry/Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator,Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Hejian Guoxin Seed Industry,Hejian,Hebei 062450,China;Cotton Research Institute,Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Handan,Hebei 056000,China;Cotton Research Institute,Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou,Shandong 253000,China;Binzhou Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute,Binzhou,Shandong 256600,China;College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University,Dafeng,Jiangsu 225000,China;Cotton Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Xinjiang Guoxin Seed Industry,Luntai,Xinjiang 841600,China;Xinjiang Shouxin Seed Industry,Shaya,Xinjiang 842200,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院农学系/植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心,北京100193 [2]河北省河间市国欣种业,河北河间062450 [3]河北省邯郸市农业科学研究院棉花研究所,河北邯郸056000 [4]山东省德州市农业科学研究院棉花研究所,山东德州253000 [5]山东省滨州市农业机械化科学研究所,山东滨州256600 [6]江苏省扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225000 [7]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000 [8]新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所,新疆石河子832000 [9]新疆轮台县国欣种业,新疆轮台841600 [10]新疆沙雅县守信种业,新疆沙雅842200 [11]新疆生产建设兵团农业技术推广总站,乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《棉花学报》2020年第3期247-257,共11页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0100306);新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关项目(2018AB039)。

摘　　要：【目的】棉花脱叶催熟是实现机械采收的前提。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用是我国目前主要的脱叶催熟方式。鉴于不同棉区的环境条件和种植模式差异较大,研究了不同棉区噻苯隆和乙烯利的适宜用量及配比。【方法】于2018年在黄河流域棉区的河北河间、河北邯郸、山东德州和山东无棣、长江流域棉区的江苏大丰、北疆棉区的石河子Ⅰ和Ⅱ、南疆棉区的轮台和沙雅共9个地点开展田间试验,设50%(质量分数,下同)噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和40%乙烯利水剂3个混用处理,每公顷用量分别为450 g+1725 m L(T1)、600 g+3000 m L(T2)、600 g+4500 m L(T3),噻苯隆和乙烯利有效成分配比分别为1∶3、1∶4和1∶6,以喷施清水为对照。【结果】在江苏大丰,药后16 d各处理脱叶率与对照无显著差异。在其他8个试验点,大多数处理药后14 d的脱叶率显著高于对照,且自然脱叶率越低提高幅度越大;但噻苯隆和乙烯利不同用量及配比之间的脱叶率差异不一致,且大部分情况下差异不大。部分地点某些处理药后14~16 d的脱叶率可达到90%。不论药前吐絮率低或高,药剂处理14~16 d后,与清水对照相比吐絮率未表现出明显的增加;然而,药前吐絮率较低的试验点药后吐絮率增幅大,反之,吐絮率增幅小。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用对大部分试验点的产量和纤维品质无显著影响。【结论】药后14 d左右,噻苯隆和乙烯利混用的脱叶效果比较明显,不同剂量和配比之间无一致性和大的差异;催熟效果相对较差,对棉花产量和纤维品质影响不大。综合考虑脱叶催熟效果的稳定性和药剂成本,初步建议各棉区每公顷应用600 g的50%噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和3000 m L的40%乙烯利水剂进行脱叶催熟。[Objective]Defoliation and ripening(D&R)is a prerequisite for the mechanical harvesting of cotton.The combination of applying thidiazuron(TDZ)and ethylene(ETH)to plants is the primary method for cotton D&R in China.The ecological conditions and planting patterns for cotton are quite variable across planting zones,so it is necessary to study the appropriate doses and ratio of TDZ and ETH for specific cotton planting areas.[Method]We conducted field experiments in 2018 at nine sites in Hejian and Handan,Hebei Province;Dezhou and Wudi in the Yellow River Valley,Shandong Province;Dafeng in the Yangtze River Valley,Jiangsu Province;and ShiheziⅠ,ShiheziⅡ,Luntai,and Shaya,Xinjiang.We used a TDZ(50%wettable powder)and ETH(40%aqueous solution)mixture at three concentrations,450 g+1725 m L(T1),600 g+3000 m L(T2),and 600 g+4500 m L(T3)per hectare,respectively,and the active ingredient ratios of TDZ and ETH were 1:3,1:4,and 1:6,using water as the control.[Result]In Dafeng,the defoliation rate of the control was more than 80%at 16 days after spraying(DAS)and there was no significance observed in any of the treatments.The defoliation rate was significantly higher than the control at the rest of the sites at 14 DAS,and lower natural defoliation rates were associated with higher scopes.The defoliation rates were not consistent across the treatments,and in most cases,they were not significant.Some treatments reached 90%defoliation at 14-16 DAS.The boll opening rate(BOR)before spraying did not produce a significant increase compared with the control at 14-16 DAS.Lower BOR before spraying(such as at Shihezi I)was associated with a more substantial increase.Without spraying,a smaller increase was observed.There was no significant difference between the treatments and control after spraying at most of the experiment sites.Using the TDZ and ETH mixture did not have a significant effect on yield and yield quality in most experiment sites.[Conclusion]The defoliation rate increased significantly after 14 DAS,but there was little effe

关 键 词：棉花 噻苯隆 乙烯利 脱叶率 吐絮率 产量 纤维品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]