花椒林下土壤微生物数量和酶活性对生物质炭的响应  

Effect of biochar on soil microbe numbers and enzyme activities in pepper bush

作　　者：侯建伟 邢存芳 邓晓梅 陈芬 余高 HOU Jianwei;XING Cunfang;DENG Xiaomei;CHEN Fen;YU Gao(College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China;Personnel Department,Tongren University,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州铜仁554300 [2]铜仁学院人事处,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第4期89-96,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：铜仁学院博士科研启动基金项目(trxyDH1702);铜仁学院2019年产业扶贫专项资金科研项目(FP201903)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同秸秆生物质炭对土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响,为土壤改良和秸秆资源的合理利用提供理论参考。【方法】以玉米、水稻和油菜秸秆500℃炭化6 h得到的生物质炭为材料,以花椒林下黄壤为供试土壤,通过室内培育试验,以不添加任何生物质炭为对照(CK),测定了不同添加量(1%,2%,4%,均为质量分数)玉米、水稻和油菜秸秆生物质炭处理土壤的微生物(细菌、真菌、放线菌)数量和酶(过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶)活性,并分析了土壤微生物数量与酶活性之间的相关性,计算了不同处理的土壤酶指数(SEI)。【结果】秸秆生物质炭类型和添加量均会影响土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量。与对照相比,秸秆生物质炭处理土壤的细菌和放线菌数量分别增加了42.7%~211.8%和4.9%~291.7%,真菌数量降低了15.2%~52.5%。3种秸秆生物质炭中,当添加量相同时,水稻秸秆生物质炭处理的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量及微生物总量最高。与对照相比,添加生物质炭显著降低了土壤过氧化氢酶活性,显著提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性,当添加量为2%时,水稻秸秆生物质炭的土壤酶指数最大(SEI=0.62),是其他秸秆生物质炭SEI的1.07~1.23倍。【结论】花椒林下土壤微生物数量与酶活性密切相关,施用生物质炭改善了土壤生物环境。从土壤微生物数量和酶活性指数综合考虑,添加2%水稻秸秆生物质炭对改善花椒林下土壤生物环境的综合效果最优。【Objective】The effects of different straw biochar types on numbers of microorganisms and activities of enzymes in soil were studied to provide information for soil amelioration and proper management of straw residue.【Method】Through a laboratory incubation experiment with zonal yellow soil under pepper bush,the influences of corn,rice and rape straw biochar that pyrolyzed at 500℃for 6 h with addition amounts of 0(CK),1%,2%and 4%on numbers of microorganisms and activities of enzymes were determined.Then,soil enzyme index(SEI)was used to comprehensively evaluate soil enzyme activities.【Result】All types and amounts of biochar had effects on numbers of soil microorganisms with 42.7%-211.8%and 4.9%-291.7%increase in bacteria and actinomyces and 15.2%-52.5%decrease in fungi compared with control.With same addition amounts,rice straw biochar had the largest amounts of bacteria,fungi,actinomyces and total microorganisms.The activities of urease,sucrase and neutral phosphatase were significantly increased and that of catalase was significantly decreased by biochar.The 2%rice straw biochar treatment had the largest SEI of 0.62,which was 1.07-1.23 times of other treatments.【Conclusion】Numbers of microorganisms had close relationship with enzyme activities of soil,and biochar improved soil biological environment.The 2%rice straw biochar was the best among all treatments based on number of microorganisms,enzyme activities and SEI.

关 键 词：酸性土壤 土壤改良 生物质炭 花椒林 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学] S156.2