多星中天时角法精密测定天文方位角  

Precise Determination of Astronomical Azimuth by Hour Angle Method of Multiple Meridian Stars

作　　者：刘新江 郑勇[1] 李崇辉 LIU Xin-jiang;ZHENG Yong;LI Chong-hui(Geospatial Information Institute,Information Engineering University of PLA Strategic Support Force,Zhengzhou 450001;261365 Troops,Tianjin 300140;State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering,Xi'an 710054;Xi'an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Xi'an 710054)

机构地区：[1]战略支援部队信息工程大学地理空间信息学院,郑州450001 [2]61365部队,天津300140 [3]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,西安710054 [4]西安测绘研究所,西安710054

出　　处：《天文学报》2020年第3期100-109,共10页Acta Astronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11673076、41604011、41704006)资助。

摘　　要：在高精度天文方位角测定方法中,北极星任意时角法只适用于北半球中纬度地区,子午星对法则受限于选星配对条件.提出可适用于全球地区的多星中天时角法,观测多颗任意中天位置的南星和北星,通过线性回归模型修正测站经度误差和计时误差对方位角解算的影响.该方法只需已知测站的概略位置,对观测天体的中天位置没有限制.实测数据表明,与北极星任意时角法相比,在相同精度指标要求下,观测量可以减少一半.Precise determination of the astronomical azimuth using the local hour angle(LHA)of Polaris is only applicable in northern middle latitudes,and the meridian star pair method is limited by the conditions of star selection and matching.This paper proposes a new hour angle method of multiple meridian stars,which is suitable for any part of the global region.After multiple southern and northern stars have been observed,the influence of longitude error and timing error is modified by linear regression.When using this method,the precise astronomical position is not required,and there is no limit to specific position of the meridian stars.So both the number of observable stars and the operation efficiency are greatly increased.The experiment indicates that compared with the first-order hour azimuth method of Polaris,the result of the multiple meridian star angle method can still reach the first-order accuracy level even when the observed data quantity is reduced by half.

关 键 词：天文方位角 地方时角 中天 星对法 方法:统计 

分 类 号：P128[天文地球—天体测量]