昭穆制度起源新探  

The Origin of the Zhao Mu System Re-explored

作　　者：刘玉环 柳邦松 LIU Yu-huan;LIU Bang-song

机构地区：[1]五邑大学文学院,广东江门529020 [2]胶州市政协文史办,山东胶州266300

出　　处：《五邑大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第2期42-45,94,共5页Journal of Wuyi University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：基于文献典籍并结合字词起源和汉民族文化可以发现:昭穆制产生于宗庙,是庙位或神位的排列方式。太祖的庙(或神主)位于宗庙西边的中间、东向;太祖以下各代先祖的庙(或神主)分两列摆开,左边的一列称为“昭”,右边的一列称为“穆”。“昭”因南向,向阳、向光,取“明”义;“穆”因北向,背阳、背光,取“暗”义。“昭”“穆”两词的起源和文字符号的选取都有理据可言。昭穆制度与宗庙制度、祭祀、墓葬等密切相关,主要用于去世的家族成员,极少单纯用于在世的后代子孙。An analysis of ancient literature,origins of some Chinese characters and the Han culture,it can be found that the Zhao Mu system originated from the arrangment of the tablets in ancestral shrines.The temple dedicated to the founder of a clan was located in the middle of the complex and faced the east;the temples to the descendants were set out in two columns flanking that of the founder.The left column was called“Zhao”,and the right column“Mu”.The“Zhao”column faced the south,the sun,the light,connotating brightness.The“Mu”column faced the north,with its back facing the sun,light,connotating darkness.The origin of the two characters“Zhao”(昭)and“Mu”(穆)and their choice for the arrangement had their motivations.The Zhao Mu system was closely related to the ancestral temple system,sacrificial rites and tomb system and was mainly applied to deceased family members,and rarely to living descendants.

关 键 词：昭穆 宗庙 起源 新探 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]