PA型紫苏的种植密度研究  

Planting density of Perilla frutescens PA-type

作　　者：姚宇 李卫萍[1] 温春梅 郭佳琪 郭宝林[1] YAO Yu;LI Wei-ping;WEN Chun-mei;GUO Jia-qi;GUO Bao-lin(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2020年第7期1627-1632,共6页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家中药标准化项目(ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34);北京工商大学北京市植物资源研究开发重点实验室开放课题(PRRD-2018-YBT)。

摘　　要：常用中药紫苏叶和紫苏叶油的基原植物应为PA型紫苏。课题组对全国紫苏资源全面调查后发现,PA型紫苏资源十分紧缺。而PA型栽培紫苏都属株型矮小、叶片轻薄的回回苏变种,单株叶片产量较低。该研究以2份药用PA型紫苏为材料,在5个种植密度(D1,2 500株/亩;D2,5 500株/亩;D3,8 500株/亩;D4,11 500株/亩;D5,14 500株/亩,1亩≈667 m^2)下种植。选取叶型、株型、产量、挥发油含量和挥发油成分构成等17个性状记录和研究。结果表明,随密度增加,叶型、株型变窄、变小,落叶增加,单株叶产量降低,而叶亩产量增加,且达到D4后基本稳定。叶挥发油提取率在种植密度D2~D5较D1高约0.1%,各个密度下紫苏醛相对含量无显著差异。各个密度下紫苏醛相对含量无显著差异。2份PA种质的耐密植特性有较大差异,与其株型的特征有关,尤其收敛型株型更能适应密植环境。为达到高叶亩产量,推荐以D4(株行距15 cm×40 cm)密度下种植;而综合叶产量、叶型、株型,推荐以D2(株行距30 cm×40 cm)密度下种植。落叶节数、二级分枝数,株型可作为PA型紫苏种质耐密性评价的特征,收敛株型可作为紫苏种质高产育种的评价指标。该研究为PA型紫苏适宜种植的密度提供参考,并为进一步研究不同紫苏的耐密植特性奠定基础。Two medicinal PA type Perilla germplasms were planted at five planting densities(D1,2 500 plants/Mu;D2,5 500 plants/Mu;D3,8 500 plants/Mu;D4,11 500 plants/Mu;D5,14 500 plants/Mu;1 Mu≈667 m^2). A total of 17 traits, including leaf shape, plant type, yield, volatile oil content and composition, were recorded and studied. With the planting density increased, the leaves appeared narrow, plants small, the deciduous leaves increased, and the leaf yield per plant was low, but the leaf yield per Mu increases significantly with the planting density, and was basically stable after reaching D4. The extraction rate of volatile oil from leaves at planting density D2-D5 was about 0.1% higher than that of D1, and there was no significant difference in the relative content of perillaldehyde, among 5 density. In order to achieve high leaf yield, it is recommended to plant at a density of D4, 11 500 plants/Mu(plant spacing is 15 cm, and row spacing is 40 cm);while comprehensive leaf yield and leaf morphology are recommended to be planted at a density of D2, 5 500 plants/Mu(plant spacing is 30 cm, and row spacing is 40 cm). At the same time, dense planting resistance of two germplasms were different. Number of secondary branches, first section with leaves and plant types were most important feature for the evaluation of the density tolerance of PA-type Perilla. This study provided a reference for the suitable density of PA-type Perilla, and laid a foundation for further study of the tolerance characteristics of different Perilla.

关 键 词：紫苏 紫苏叶 形态特征 挥发油 叶产量 

分 类 号：S567.219[农业科学—中草药栽培]