大学新生贫困资助政策的瞄准性、充足性与减贫效果研究  

Research on Targeting, Adequacy and Poverty Reduction Effect of Freshmen’s Financial Aid Policy

作　　者：廖小薇 黄维[1] 要攀攀 李凡 Liao Xiaowei;Huang Wei;Yao Panpan;Li Fan(School of Economics&Management,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410076;Development Economics Group,Wageningen University)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学经济与管理学院,长沙410076 [2]荷兰瓦格宁根大学发展经济学研究中心

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2020年第3期76-84,共9页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：湖南省教育科学规划项目“经济资助对大学生认知发展与非认知发展的影响:基于追踪数据和质性访谈的混合研究”(XJK19BJG001)的部分成果。

摘　　要：政府和高校将"精准资助"作为高等教育资助的政策理念的情况下,大学新生贫困资助政策的瞄准性、充足性与减贫效果尚需进行科学的评估。基于政策评估方法和2016年11月-12月开展的第一轮"湖南高校大学生发展"调查数据,本文发现,大学新生贫困仍然较为普遍,且贫困家庭的经济负担较重,必要开支占家庭年收入的比例达60%左右,尤其以农村地区的学生更严重,达到66%以上。尽管资助的覆盖率较高,但大学新生贫困资助的漏助率和错助率也较高,"非贫但获助"的瞄准偏误现象较为严重,未能给大学贫困新生提供充足的资金保障,现行的大学新生贫困资助的实际减贫效果仍有很大的改善空间。未来政策改革的重点在于改善瞄准性和确立基于需要的资助分配机制促进其减贫效果的实现。Under the circumstance that governments and colleges take"precise aid"as a policy concept, the targeting,adequacy, and poverty reduction effects of the freshmen’s financial aid policy need to be assessed scientifically.Based on the policy evaluation method and the first round of survey data of"the development of Hunan’s college students"in NovemberDecember 2016, this paper found that the poverty of university students is still relatively common, and the economic burden of poor households is heavy, while the necessary expenditures account for about 60% of the family’s annual income, especially for students in rural areas, which is more than 66%. Although the coverage of financial aid is relatively high, its leakage rate and error rate among university freshmen is very high. The wrong targeting of the aid which"financed students who are not poor"is more serious and it fails to provide sufficient financial guarantees for impoverished students, which means the actual poverty reduction effect of the existing university freshman’s poverty subsidies still has a lot of room for improvement and the focus of future policy reforms is stillfocused on improving poverty reduction through improving targeting and establishing needs-based aid allocation.

关 键 词：大学新生贫困 贫困资助 瞄准性 充足性 减贫效果 

分 类 号：G649.20[文化科学—高等教育学]