美国在伊拉克军事存在的管辖与豁免问题及行动合法性探析  

Analysis on Jurisdiction and Immunity of U.S. Military Presence in Iraq and the Legitimacy of Their Actions

作　　者：匡增军[1,2] 王菁菁 Kuang Zengjun;Wang Jingjing

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院 [2]国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心

出　　处：《国际法研究》2020年第3期40-55,共16页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：美国在伊拉克通过外交武官和安保人员、军事培训和演习、协助反恐部队、安全承包商等形式维持着柔性军事存在,这些不同类型的柔性军事存在适用不同的国际规范,并享有不同程度的管辖豁免。本文对美国在伊拉克军事存在的管辖归属、豁免权及行动合法性问题进行了分析,认为伊拉克对驻伊美军享有属地管辖权,美军刺杀苏莱曼尼等军事行动已经侵犯了伊拉克的主权,不具有合法性,也不能享受豁免。我国在加强相关安全能力建设与合作的实践中,可以考虑充分发挥国际机制的效用,重视运用国际法,实现互利共赢。The United States maintains a flexible military presence in Iraq in the form of diplomatic and security personnel,military training and exercises,assistance to counter-terrorism forces,security contractors,etc.,and these different types of flexible military presence apply to different international norms and enjoy varying degrees of immunity.This paper analyzes the issue of the jurisdiction,immunity and legality of U.S.military presence action,and argues that Iraq has territorial jurisdiction over these foreign forces.The U.S.military actions have violated Iraq’s sovereignty and they cannot claim immunity.In practice,mechanisms should be developed to strengthen capacity-building in certain regard,deepen international communication and cooperation on harnessing the full potential of international law so as to increase mutual benefit.

关 键 词：伊拉克 美国 柔性军事存在 管辖 豁免 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]