《禁止核武器条约》:特征、目的和意义  

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons: Features, Purposes and Implications

作　　者：谭艳 Tan Yan

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院国际法研究所

出　　处：《国际法研究》2020年第3期56-68,共13页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：2017年联合国大会表决通过了《禁止核武器条约》。该条约是无核国家在核武器问题上的责任和危机意识不断深化的集中体现。而对该条约,安理会5个常任理事国(也是核大国)明确表态拒绝参加。在态度尖锐对立的背景下,无核国家仍然坚持通过了该条约,并在其中首次明确禁止对核武器的使用及试验、彻底非法化了核武器、摈弃了有核与无核国家之间的区分、提出了新概念"最高全球公益"。凭借该条约,无核国家得以进入了核武器国际法规制的主流话语平台,正式就规制核武器的国际法话语权与有核国家展开争夺。无核国家与有核国家关于核武器合法性的论辩,势必深刻影响世界对于和平、安全以及国家利益的认知。The United Nations has adopted Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons(TPNW)in 2017.Deepening sense of responsibility and crisis on the part of non-nuclear weapon states is manifested in the treaty.And the five permanent members of the Security Council(also the nuclear powers)explicitly refused to join it.Given this sharp confrontation,non-nuclear weapon states still persist in adopting such treaty,in which prohibits using or testing the nuclear weapons explicitly for the first time;illegalizes the nuclear weapons completely;abandons the distinction between nuclear weapon states and non-nuclear weapon states and puts forward a new concept"global public good of the highest order".Meanwhile,Non-nuclear weapon states have been able to formally enter the mainstream discourse of international nuclear law by virtue of this treaty and the debate between them and nuclear weapon states on the legality of nuclear weapon is bound to have a profound impact on the cognitions of peace,security and national interest.

关 键 词：《禁止核武器条约》 非法化核武器 核武器国际法规制 有核国家 无核国家 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]