番茄枯萎病生防细菌的筛选及对植株防御酶活性的影响  

Screening of biocontrol bacteria against tomato wilt and the effect on defense enzyme activity of plants

作　　者：周东兴[1] 王恩泽 刘多 金聪敏 李欣[1] 姜姗 白皓天 ZHOU Dong-xing;WANG En-ze;LIU Duo;JIN Cong-min;LI Xin;JIANG Shan;BAI Hao-tian(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第5期1753-1760,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300106)资助。

摘　　要：为筛选防治番茄枯萎病的生防细菌,本研究利用梯度稀释涂板法和平板对峙生长法,从蚯蚓粪中筛选对番茄枯萎病有良好生防作用的细菌,对其中表现最好的菌株进行种属鉴定,并通过盆栽试验测定该菌株对番茄枯萎病的防治效果及对番茄体内防御酶活性的影响。结果表明,生防菌DX-25对番茄枯萎病菌的抑菌率达66.09%,初步鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌,盆栽防治效果达59.25%±0.43%。盆栽试验共设计CK、接种枯萎病菌(KW)、接种生防菌DX-25(DX),以及接种病原菌+生防菌DX-25(D+K)4个处理,以超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、脂氧合酶(LOX)、几丁质酶(CHT)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)8种酶作为番茄抗病性反应指标,探究接种生防菌后对番茄植株防御酶活的影响。试验表明,各处理均能使番茄茎部的8种测定酶酶活显著高于对照;D+K处理在诱导PPO和GLU酶活方面表现出协同增效的作用,两者共同处理诱导的PPO、GLU达到显著水平的时间较单接种枯萎病菌和DX-25提前了48和24 h,说明DX-25与病原菌互作的情况下可以更快地引起植株的抗性反应。To select biocontrol bacteria for preventing tomato wilt,the gradient dilution coating method and the plate confrontation growth method were used for screening biocontrol bacteria from the worm cast and identifying the best strain.A pot experiment was carried out to examine the effects of the selected strain on tomato wilt and the activities of defense enzymes.The results showed that the bacteriostatic rate of DX-25 against Fusarium oxysporum was 66.09%,which was initially identified as Bacillus velezensis,with preventing rate being 59.25%±0.43%in pot.There were four treatments in the pot experiment:control(CK),F.oxysporum(KW),biocontrol bacterium DX-25(DX),and pathogen+biocontrol bacterium DX-25(D+K).The superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),lipoxygenase(LOX),chitinase(CHT)andβ-1,3-glucanase(GLU)were used as the indicators for disease resistance in tomato,to investigate the effects of inoculation of biocontrol bacteria on defense enzyme activities in tomato plants.All treatments significantly increased the activities of these enzymes in stem.The D+K treatment enhanced the activities of PPO and GLU.The time for peak in activity of PPO and GLU in the combination of pathogen and biocontrol bacterium DX-25 strain was 48 h and 24 h earlier than that of single inoculation with F.oxysporum or DX-25,respectively.Our results showed that the combination of DX-25 and pathogens could induce a faster resistance response of tomato plants.

关 键 词：番茄枯萎病 生防菌 诱导抗性 防御酶系 

分 类 号：S436.412.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]