“公意”与“舆论”之间:五四时期李普曼《舆论》的知识传播和话语实践  

General Will and Public Opinion:Lippmann‘s Public Opinion Introduced into China as well as Its Discourse Practice During the May Fourth Period

作　　者：陈友良[1] Chen Youliang(School of Sociology and History,Fujian Nomial University)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《新闻界》2020年第4期76-84,共9页Journalism and Mass Communication

摘　　要：基于新发现的袁昌英《公意之源》,并与陶孟和的书评比较,考察李普曼《舆论》作为一种现代性话语在中国的传播与实践的问题。《舆论》推动了近代西方"public opinion"从哲学论述转向现代性的知识和概念,但其核心概念仍融合了"公共意志"与"公众意见"两方面涵义,作为现代性话语尚具有两歧性。这个特征为五四时期的中国学者提供了"舆论"与"公意"的两条阐释路径。陶孟和用书评形式引介《舆论》,关注其在政治心理学上的创新意义;袁昌英则以近似于政论文的形式,评述李普曼的新舆论观、大众媒介观和政治传播观,实已触及现代传播学的范畴。陶、袁都被李普曼的民主理论修正观点所吸引,对于著名的"李普曼-杜威之辩",也有精英主义与大众主义不同的评论视角。从话语实践上看,《舆论》参与了一战以后中国知识界对西方民主制度的反省思潮。This article discuss the eastward transmission and discourse practice of Lippmann’s Public Opinion during May Fourth period in China.The argument is based on the textual comparison and analysis of Yuan Changying,s article which has never been mentioned by other researcher,as well as Tao Menghe's hook review.Due to the Lippmann’s Public Opinion,the western learning of 4 public opinion'had transformed from traditional philosophical discourse to modern knowledge and concept.But Lippmann's idea of public opinion had still two aspects of general will and public opinion,therefore its inconsistency could limit its harmonization as a modern discourse.When Public Opinion was introduced into China during May Fourth period,the scholars were fairly confused by the characteristic.Someone paid attention to the content of*public opinion*,and other was attracted by the*general w iir in it.The first introducer is Tao Menghe,a professor of Peking University,who focus on the political significance of Lippmann’s pioneering research in his book review.Yuan Changying,the other critic,also a professor in Beijing,reviewed the ideas of public opinion,mass communication as well as political communication.Yuan's opinion was in the sense of modern communication.It is not so much a review than a political article.Lippmann's revisionist view of democratic theory was so dr«imatically that both Tao and Yuan highlighted the value of 4 the Dewey argument of Lippmann'.There is no doubt that these two Chinese scholars had different views between elitism and populism.In the perspective of discourse practice,Lippmann's Public Opinion took part in the reflection tread,which had been coming out of Chinese intelligentsia since World War one,of the western democratic system.

关 键 词：五四时期 李普曼 《舆论》 知识传播 话语实践 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]