小浪底水库拦沙对黄河下游河道的减淤作用  

Sediment Trapping by Xiaolangdi Reservoir on Deposits Reduction in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：申冠卿[1] 李勇[1] 张原锋[1] 彭红[1] SHEN Guanqing;LI Yong;ZHANG Yuanfeng;PENG Hong(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2020年第6期1-6,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0405505)。

摘　　要：在小浪底水库蓄水拦沙期,进入黄河下游河道的水沙条件发生显著变化,含沙量急剧降低,中水流量持续时间增长,水库调水调沙提高了河道输沙能力,改善了泥沙淤积部位。拦沙期(1999年10月-2018年10月),黄河下游河道共计冲刷21.015亿m^3。分析小浪底水库运用以来黄河下游河道泥沙冲淤时空变化特性及水库对水沙的调控效果,对比计算有、无小浪底水库两种工况下黄河下游河道冲淤量变化及减淤作用。水库拦沙期黄河下游河道减淤比为1.373∶1,其拦沙减淤效果与水沙条件、水库运用方式及河道边界等因素有关。Oncoming water and sediment conditions have been changed greatly during the Xiaolangdi(XLD) Reservoir impounding period. The sediment concentration is reduced rapidly and normal discharge flow period is increased. The regulation of water and sediment by XLD has enhanced sediment transport capacity and improved deposition distribution in the Lower Yellow River(LYR). Accumulative erosion is 2.1 billion t from Oct., 1999 to Oct., 2018. The temporal and special characteristics of erosion and deposition in the LYR and the effects of water and sediment regulating by the reservoir were analyzed here since the operation of XLD. Comparison and calculation of erosion and deposition and deposition reduction were carried out with XLD and without XLD project. Deposition reducing ratio of the LYR was 1.373:1 during XLD impoundment. Deposition reducing effects due to sediment trapped in XLD were related to water and sediment, reservoir operating mode and river channel boundaries.

关 键 词：拦沙减淤比 水库拦沙 小浪底水库 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1