中国南方荷斯坦奶牛不同生理状态下热应激对维持行为的影响  

Effects of heat stress on maintenance behavior of Chinese Southern Holstein cows under different physiological conditions

作　　者：储双凤 朱浩 王坤 朱方超 陈志 杨章平[1] CHU Shuang-feng;ZHU Hao;WANG Kun;ZHU Fang-chao;CHEN Zhi;YANG Zhang-ping(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Taizhou Sixiang Veterinary Station,Taizhou 225300,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]泰州寺巷兽医站,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2020年第2期54-61,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(17)1005);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2018]300);国家自然科学基金项目(31872324).

摘　　要：【目的】为了分析不同泌乳阶段(盛期、中期、末期)、胎次(1胎、2胎、3胎)和日产奶量水平(<20,20~30,>30 kg)等因素对热应激奶牛维持行为的影响,从而为改进奶牛饲养环境、制定科学的管理制度提供可靠的依据.【方法】研究从2018年5月至10月持续6个月对南方某中型牧场中拴系饲养的40头中国南方荷斯坦奶牛的维持行为逐头进行24小时观察,记录奶牛进入热应激状态前后的行为变化.【结果】长江下游牧场大约于5月中旬开始进入热应激状态,10月中旬出热应激状态,热应激条件下,奶牛的胎次、泌乳阶段和产奶量水平不同均会影响其主要行为特征(饮水、采食、排泄和反刍等)的变化,进而影响到奶牛的生产性能和牧场的经济效益.【结论】饲养人员应根据牛舍内温湿指数、奶牛的呼吸频率和直肠温度等的实时变化情况及时采取相应的措施,从而降低奶牛的热应激损失.【Objective】 This study is aimed to explore the impacts of different lactation stages(early lactation,mid-lactation and late lactation),parity(1,2,3),daily milk yield level(<20 kg,20~30 kg,>30 kg) and other factors on the maintenance behavior of dairy cows under heat stress in order to provide necessary parameters for the improvement of dairy farm environment and management.【Method】 The maintenance behavior of 40 Holstein dairy cows in southern China was recorded for 6 months from May to October 2018.【Result】The heat stress began from mid-May and ended in mid-October.The behavior(drinking,feeding,excreting and ruminating) of tested cows was affected by the parity,lactation stage and milk yield.And consequently,the productivity and economic benefit of cows were affected.【Conclusion】 The proper management practices should be applied in time based on the temperature and humidity in cowshed,respiratory rate and rectal temperature of cows,so that the loss caused by heat stress could be reduced.

关 键 词：荷斯坦奶牛 温湿指数(THI) 热应激 行为学观察 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]