10个菊花品种花粉生活力测定和贮藏方法研究  

Viability of Stored Chrysanthemum morifolium Pollens

作　　者：李亚军 黄河[1] 牛雅静 李霞[3] LI Ya-jun;HUANG He;NIU Ya-jing;LI Xia(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Botanical Garden,Beijing 100093,China;Urban Construction School,Beijing City University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083 [2]北京植物园,北京100093 [3]北京城市学院城市建设学部,北京100083

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2020年第3期295-302,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：大北农青年教师科研基金项目(15ZK008)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选菊花花粉离体培养生活力测定的最佳培养基配方,探究花粉贮藏的最适温度和耐贮藏时间,并挑选出较耐贮藏的菊花品种,为菊花新品种选育和种质资源保存提供参考。【方法】以10个菊花品种盛花期花粉为试验材料,通过离体萌发测定法筛选菊花花粉萌发最适培养基,以该培养基测定花粉在4℃、-20℃和-80℃3种温度下进行60 d或120 d贮藏周期的生活力变化趋势观测,每隔15 d取样检测1次;对贮藏120 d的花粉进行授粉,统计结实率。【结果】培养基为ME3+200 g·L^-1PEG 4000+6 g·L^-1琼脂的处理,10种花粉都能萌发,且萌发率较其他培养基有显著差异;花粉贮藏60 d后,所有花粉生活力均下降,其中‘5’、‘52’、‘64’和‘85’4个品种花粉生活力下降较缓慢;4种花粉贮藏120 d后,在-80℃贮藏的花粉生活力较高,花粉授粉后均能够结实,且品种‘5’花粉授粉结实率最高,平均每个授粉花序结实8粒。【结论】花粉萌发培养基、植物品种基因型、贮藏温度和贮藏时间都会影响菊花花粉生活力。本文研究表明,菊花花粉最适贮藏温度为-80℃,品种‘5’花粉可贮藏120 d保持较高的授粉结实率,在杂交育种中可优先考虑。【Objective】Viability of stored Chrysanthemum×morifolium pollens were determined for germplasm preservation.【Method】Pollen viability of 10 chrysanthemum cultivars were determined by an in vitro germination method for medium selection.Viability of pollens stored in the selected medium at 4℃,-20℃or-80℃for 60 d and 120 d was monitored every 15 d.After a 120 d storage,hybridization pollination with the pollens was performed for fructification evaluation.【Result】The medium for optimum pollen germination was ME3 with the additions of 200 g·L^-1 PEG 4000 and 6 g·L^-1 agar.All pollens stored in the chosen medium germinated with a significantly superior rate.The pollen viability decreased after 60 d storage.Among the 10 chrysanthemum,Variety‘5’,‘52’,‘64’,and‘85’had slower declining rates on the pollen viability but higher viability after the 120 d storage at-80℃with full fructification upon pollination than the others.Of the 4 varieties,Variety‘5’had the highest pollen fructifying rate of 8 seeds per inflorescence on average.【Conclusion】The medium for pollen germination and genotype of cultivar as well as the temperature and duration of storage could all affect the viability of the chrysanthemum pollens.On the optimally formulated medium at-80℃for 120 d,the pollens from Variety‘5’maintained a high viability with full fructification at pollination for satisfactory chrysanthemum cross breeding.

关 键 词：菊花 花粉生活力 贮藏 授粉 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]