套种花生对香蕉园小气候和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Intercropping Peanut on Soil Properties and Microclimate at Banana Orchards

作　　者：吴宇佳 杨春 雷菲 吉清妹 张冬明 符传良 WU Yu-jia;YANG Chun;LEI Fei;JI Qing-mei;ZHANG Dong-ming;FU Chuan-liang(Institute of Agricultural Environment and Soil,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hainan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation of Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所/农业部农村海南耕地保育科学观测实验站/海南省耕地保育重点实验室,海南海口571100

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2020年第3期337-343,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2018087);2018年度海南省农业科学院农业科技创新专项——香蕉(2018年)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究在香蕉园套种花生(兼作绿肥)的综合效应,为海南省推广蕉园套种绿肥等作物提供科学依据。【方法】设置5个处理:香蕉单作(CK)、3行双粒花生套种香蕉+覆盖还田、3行双粒花生套种香蕉+翻压还田、5行单粒花生套种香蕉+覆盖还田、5行单粒花生套种香蕉+翻压还田,探讨不同播种方式与还田方式对香蕉生长、花生生长、蕉园土壤、蕉园小气候环境,以及对其产量和品质的影响。【结果】5行单粒播种+覆盖还田处理的各项主要指标表现最佳,与对照相比,香蕉苗期株高、茎围和青叶数分别增加89.74%、11.89%和32.05%;地表湿度增加4.61%,地温和气温分别降低2.07%和8.39%;杂草数减少84.62%,香蕉株被害率减少65.21%;土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量分别提高17.18%、6.17%、76.01%、63.58%和34.59%,土壤有机质含量提高25.15%;蔗糖酶活性提高2.38倍,脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶含量分别提高44.27%、75.92%、13.94%和11.58%;>2 mm粒级土壤团聚体含量由22.0%提高到35.22%;香蕉的产量、可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量和可溶性固形物含量分别提高2.31%、15.21%、5.10%和8.73%。【结论】在香蕉园套种花生能有效提高蕉园土壤中养分含量与酶活性,改善土壤结构,有利于调节蕉园温湿度;明显减少杂草的生长和害虫的危害;显著促进香蕉生长,提高产量和品质。综合作物产量、作物品质、土壤改良、生态环境优化及对香蕉生长的影响效应,在蕉园套种花生以5行单粒播种加覆盖还田的套种模式效果最优。【Objective】Effects of intercropping peanut(also as green fertilizer)on soil and microclimate at banana orchards were studied.【Method】Five different planting practices at a banana orchard were implemented for comparison.They included CK(banana monoculture as control),Method A(3 rows of 2-peanuts-sowing for intercropping with banana followed by mulching with the plant waste),Method B(3 rows of 2-peanut-sowing for intercropping with banana followed by turning the plant waste into field soil),Method C(5 rows of one-peanut-sowing for intercropping with banana followed by mulching with the plant waste),and Method D(5 rows of one-peanut-sowing for intercropping with banana followed by turning the plant waste into field soil).Effects of the various seeding/waste treatments on the physiochemical properties of soil and microclimate at the orchard as well as the banana/peanut yields and quality were determined.【Result】Method C was found to perform with the highest scores on the major evaluation criteria among all.The banana seedling height,stem circumference and green leaf count were 89.74%,11.89%and 32.05%,respectively,greater than those under CK.With respect to the microclimate,Method C increased the surface humidity by 4.61%,decreased the ground temperature by 2.07%,and lowered the air temperature by 8.39%,as compared with CK.Furthermore,it also reduced the weed growth by 84.62%and the banana plant damage rate by 65.21%.The contents of available N,P,K,Ca,and Mg in the orchard soil were significantly increased by17.18%,6.17%,76.01%,63.58%,and 34.59%,respectively,while the organic matters significantly increased by 25.15%under Method C over CK.Among the enzymes in the soil,the activity of invertase was 2.38 times of that under CK at an extremely significant different level;and,those of urease,acid phosphatase,catalase,and cellulase 44.27%,75.92%,13.94%,and11.58%,respectively,higher than those under CK.Method C also resulted in a rise on the percent soil aggregates with a size larger than 2 mm from 22.0%under CK

关 键 词：香蕉 花生 套种 果园小气候 土壤环境 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]