英汉反身代词-先行词依存加工中的语义干扰效应  

Semantic Interference Effects in Processing Reflexive-Antecedent Dependency in English and Chinese

作　　者：吴芙芸 WU Fuyun(School of Foreign Languages,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学外国语学院,上海市200240

出　　处：《现代外语》2020年第3期318-329,共12页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：上海市哲学社科规划课题“汉语语序特异句与常规句的加工探究:指代依存视角”(2019BYY005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在实时理解句子时,加工者看到反身代词后,就会从工作记忆中回溯性地寻找并提取恰当的先行词,构建反身代词-先行词依存即同指关系。当先行词候选项位于邻近管辖域之外、未获句法允准,但与反身代词的性别、数、生命性等语义特征相匹配时,是否会对正确提取先行词产生干扰呢?基于线索提取理论框架下的标准和偏向结构这两大模型对此有不同的回答,二者区别的关键在于干扰作用发生的限制条件及时间节点。本文聚焦英、汉反身代词实时加工研究,在评述在线理解汉语简单反身代词及复合反身代词的已有结果基础上,结合居于谓语核心论元位置上的汉语复合反身代词的最新行为实验结果,深入讨论了语义干扰效应的性质及背后动因。本研究表明,偏向结构的线索-提取模型更优于标准的线索-提取模型,而干扰效应更像是类似主谓一致、否定极项等结构的"幻觉式合法"。During real-time sentence processing, upon encountering a reflexive, a parser will initiate a retrospective search process from working memory until it retrieves an appropriate antecedent,thereby establishing reflexive-antecedent dependency or co-referentiality. When a structurally illicit antecedent candidate outside the local governing domain matches the reflexive in semantic features such as gender, number or animacy, will it incur interference during antecedent retrieval process?Two variants of the cue-based retrieval theory, namely Standard cue-retrieval model and Structurefavoring cue-retrieval model, make different predictions, with crucial differences lying in the time course and the constraining conditions in which interference occurs. Focusing on processing of English and Chinese reflexives, this paper presents a critique of existing work on real-time comprehension of Chinese simplex and compound reflexives, and incorporates the latest findings from behavioral research on Chinese compound reflexives that take the core argument position of the predicate,in order to probe into the nature of and the underlying reasons for semantic interference effects. The overall results suggest that the Structure-favoring cue-retrieval model gets more support than the Standard cue-retrieval model, and that the reported interference effect is analogous to"illusionary grammaticality"that has been found in subject-verb agreement and negative polarity licensing.

关 键 词：反身代词 基于线索的提取理论 局域性 生命性 性别 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]