浅谈花岗岩浆热液的形成及成矿作用  

Discussion on magma-hydrothermal formation and mineralization of granites

作　　者：刘鹏 张德会 吴鸣谦 张继林 LIU Peng;ZHANG Dehui;WU Mingqian;ZHANG Jilin(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing,100083;China Gold Group Resources Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,100011)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国黄金集团资源有限公司,北京100011

出　　处：《地质论评》2020年第3期699-719,共21页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:41373048和41773030);内蒙古金厂沟梁—辽宁二道沟金矿田矿床地质特征及矿床成因研究(编号:2017-20)的成果。

摘　　要：与花岗岩类有关的矿床主要是与其具有时-空及成因联系的岩浆-热液矿床,岩浆能否出溶热液且出溶相当数量热液是花岗岩类成矿的必要前提,直接制约岩浆岩的成矿潜力。基于前人和作者的研究成果得出,与成矿有关的花岗岩中发育的单向固结结构(UST结构)、石英眼、晶洞以及雪球结构等是岩浆挥发分相饱和出溶的标志,岩浆岩组成对于成矿潜力判别的贡献基于元素的地球化学行为以及物理化学条件,挥发组分中卤化物含量的高低和岩石中主量元素的丰度不能作为成矿潜力的判别标志,而微量元素是识别花岗岩类成矿潜力的地球化学指纹。高场强元素以及现出系统地球化学行为变化的稀土元素特征有望成为成矿潜力的最佳判别标志。花岗岩类含矿潜力的评价研究为岩浆热液多金属矿床的成矿预测和勘查评价提供理论指导,本文也指出在研究花岗岩含矿潜力中存在的一些问题及未来的研究方向。The deposits related to granites are mainly magmatic-hydrothermal ores, of which their time-space distribution and genesis display great intimacy with the associated granites. Whether it can exsolve hydrothermal fluids during magmatic melting and what quantity of exsolutions it can provide is becoming a necessary prerequisite that constrain granitoid mineralization. Based on the previous researches and study here, this paper systematically summarizes that granite related to mineralization develop petrological structure of unidirectional solidification texture(UST), quartz eyes, miarolitic cavities and snowball texture in the exsolution and saturation of magma volatile phase. Contribution of magmatic chemical composition to the evaluation of ore potential of granites based on elemental geochemical behavior and physical-chemical conditions. The halide content in volatile components and the abundance of major elements cannot be used as discriminative indicators of mineralization potential, while trace elements are geochemical fingerprints that identify the ore potential of granites. The characteristics of high field strength elements and rare earth elements showing changes in system geochemical behavior are expected to be the best indicators of mineralization potential. These informations provide theoretical guidance for the metallogenic prediction and prospecting evaluation of magmatic-hydrothermal polymetallic deposits. Moreover, this paper also presents the problems in the study and points out the work that needs to be done in in near future.

关 键 词：岩浆热液矿床 花岗岩含矿性 出溶热液 UST结构 石英眼 雪球结构 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学] P618.2[天文地球—地质学]