矿山井下定位技术应用现状  

Status of application of underground positioning technology in mines

作　　者：张新[1] ZHANG Xin(Shaoxing Vocational&Technical College,Shaoxing Zhejiang 312000,China)

机构地区：[1]绍兴职业技术学院,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2020年第5期51-55,共5页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家科技型中小企业技术创新基金资助项目(13C26213302220)。

摘　　要：定位技术对于矿山的井下工作人员的管理和应急救援具有十分重要的作用,其分为室外定位和室内定位两类;室外定位主要以卫星导航定位系统为主,室内定位是一种新型定位技术;室内无线电定位技术大致可分为基于参数估计和基于非参数估计两种类型,基于参数估计的定位方法精度更高、适用范围更广,也是目前应用的主要方法。矿山井下定位系统主要采用了RFID、Wi-Fi、ZigBee、蓝牙、超宽带(UWB)等无线传输技术,而LoRa技术是最近几年应用于我国物联网接入领域的新型通信组网技术,具有远距离、低速率、低功耗、低成本、抗干扰和自组网等优势,基于LoRa的远距离通信,最大的特点是直接定位距离远、抗干扰能力强,并且具有较好的障碍物穿透性,较适合煤矿井下复杂环境的定位应用,应用前景广阔。Positioning technology plays an important role in underground personnel management and emergency rescue.It can be divided into two categories:outdoor positioning and indoor positioning.Outdoor positioning is mainly based on satellite navigation positioning system,while indoor positioning is a new positioning technology.Indoor radio positioning technology can be roughly divided into two types:parameter based estimation and non-parameter based estimation,The parameter based estimation positioning method with high accuracy and wide application is the major method of application at present.The underground mine positioning system mainly adopts RFID,Wi-Fi,ZigBee,Bluetooth,ultra wideband(UWB)and other wireless transmission technologies,while LoRa technology is applied in a new communication networking technology of the internet of things access field in recent years,which has the advantages of long-distance,low-speed,low power consumption,low cost,anti-interference and self-organizing network,etc.The positioning ability based on Lora's long-distance communication is characterized by long direct positioning distance,strong anti-interference ability and good penetration of obstacles,which is more suitable for the positioning in the complex underground environment of coal mine and has a broad application prospect.

关 键 词：定位技术 室内定位 物联网技术 LoRa技术 无线传输 通信组网技术 远距离通信 

分 类 号：TD76[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]