如何设计创新实验全面提高本科生和研究生的综合实验与科研能力  

How to Design Innovative Experiments to Improve the Experiment and Research Ability for Undergraduate and Graduate Students

作　　者：王存国[1] Wang Cunguo(Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics,Ministry of Education;Shandong Province Key Lab.of Rubber-plastics,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学高分子科学与工程学院橡塑材料与工程教育部重点实验室,山东省橡塑材料与工程重点实验室,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《山东化工》2020年第8期244-247,249,共5页Shandong Chemical Industry

基　　金：山东省潍坊市高层次创新创业人才计划项目(潍办字2013-69);山东省教育厅基金项目(批准号:sdyjg19089)资助。

摘　　要：建国70年来,我国的高等教育得到了很大发展,但怎样使我国的高校由大变强,全面提高本科生和研究生的综合实验能力和科研能力成为制约我国高等教育发展的一个最大瓶颈。本文通过对苯酚与甲醛合成酚醛树脂及其微球过程以及热裂解过程的描述,使同学们深深体会到反应条件(单体比例、催化剂酸碱度、合成温度)对合成的酚醛树脂结构的影响;通过酚醛树脂分子量测试、微球粒度测试、红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜等结构表征以及热性能测试、电性能测试等,使同学们掌握一系列的分子量测定及结构表征方法和性能测试方法,进一步强化了高分子材料实验合成、分子量测定、化学结构表征、性能测试等这条主线,将单调的酚醛树脂合成实验演变成制备导电聚并苯微球这一有趣的实验,实现了由绝缘体到聚合物导体质的飞跃,这对高校老师如何设计创新实验提高本科生和研究生的综合实验能力和科研创新能力提供借鉴和抛砖引玉的推动作用。Over the past 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,China's higher education has made great progress.However,it has become the biggest bottleneck restricting the development of higher education in China to make our universities stronger from big and to improve the experiment and research ability for undergraduate and graduate students.In this paper,the synthesis of phenolic resin and its microspheres with phenol and formaldehyde and its pyrolysis process are described in details.The effects of reaction conditions such as monomer ratio,pH values of catalysts,synthesis temperatures,etc.on the structure of phenolic resin were deeply researched.It further strengthen the main line of experimental synthesis,molecular weight determination,chemical structure characterizations and performance test of polymer materials through the molecular weight test of phenolic resin,particle size test of microspheres,infrared spectrum,scanning electron microscope and other structural characterizations as well as thermal performance test and electrical performance test,etc.It becomes an interesting experiment from the monotonous synthesis of phenolic resin to evolve into the preparation of conducting polyacenic microspheres.It realizes the leap from insulator to polymer.It can be used for reference for college teachers to design innovative experiments to improve the comprehensive experimental ability and research innovation ability for undergraduates and graduates.

关 键 词：酚醛树脂 逐步聚合 高分子微球 导电聚并苯 创新实验 

分 类 号：O632[理学—高分子化学] G642[理学—化学]