上海大气PM2.5来源解析对比:基于在线数据运用3种受体模型  

Comparison of Three Receptor Models for Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Shanghai:Using Hourly Resolved PM2.5 Chemical Composition Data

作　　者：周敏[1,2] ZHOU Min(Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [2]国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室,上海200233

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第5期1997-2005,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC22B03);环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201409008);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0213800)。

摘　　要：于2014年12月2~24日在上海市城区对大气中细粒子及其化学组分进行了在线连续观测,基于在线数据运用正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF)、化学质量平衡法(CMB)和多元线性模型(ME2)这3种受体模型开展颗粒物源解析并进行相互验证.结果显示,基于在线数据共获得了8类污染源,包括二次硝酸盐、二次硫酸盐、二次有机碳、重油燃烧源、工业源、移动源、扬尘源和燃煤源.其中二次硝酸盐、二次硫酸盐、二次有机碳等二次污染源(44.9%~64.8%)对PM2.5的贡献最大,移动源(16.8%~24.8%)和燃煤源(5.6%~14.9%)的贡献次之,其他源类的贡献相对较小. 3种模型获得的污染源特征组分和来源结果对比表明, 3种模型获得的二次硫酸盐、二次硝酸盐、二次有机碳、移动源的源解析结果较接近,说明模型对这4类源的模拟较好.ME2和PMF模型对燃煤源、扬尘源的拟合结果要好于CMB;工业源则是CMB的结果更好.Continuous measurements of PM2.5 and its chemical composition, including inorganic ions, carbon components, and inorganic elements, were conducted in the urban area of Shanghai from November 2 to 24, 2014. The chemical characteristics and sources of PM2.5 were discussed. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 was(64±33) μg·m-3(ranging from 12 to 181 μg·m-3). Organic matter contributed the most to the PM2.5 chemical components, accounting for about 28.1% of total PM2.5, followed by NO-3, SO42-, and NH+4, which accounted for 17.4%, 12.4%, and 10.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, three receptor models, including positive matrix factorization(PMF), chemical mass balance(CMB), and multilinear engine 2(ME2), were applied to apportion the PM2.5 sources based on these online data. The results showed that eight sources were identified, including secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, secondary organic carbon, heavy fuel oil burning, industry, mobile vehicle exhaust, dust, and power plants. The secondary sources(44.9%-64.8%), including secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, and secondary organic carbon, were found to be the important contributors to PM2.5. The other two main sources were mobile vehicle exhaust(16.8%-24.8%) and power plants(5.6%-14.9%), whereas other sources were slightly lower contributors. To better verify the accuracy of the PMF, CMB, and ME2 models, the profiles, temporal patterns, and concentrations of different sources obtained by the three models were discussed. Similar source profiles and contributions of secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, secondary organic carbon, and mobile vehicle exhaust were derived from the PMF, CMB, and ME2, indicating that the results of the three models were reasonable. The ME2 and PMF models simulate better results for power plants and dust sources than CMB, whereas CMB obtained better results for industrial sources.

关 键 词：细颗粒物 源解析 正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF) 化学质量平衡法(CMB) 多元线性模型(ME2) 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]