长江下游支流水体中多环芳烃的分布及生态风险评估  

Distribution, Sources, and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tributary Waters of the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

作　　者：贾天琪 雷荣荣 武小琳 倪涛涛 孙树睿 郭伟 刘文彬[2,3] JIA Tian-qi;LEI Rong-rong;WU Xiao-lin;NI Tao-tao;SUN Shu-rui;GUO Wei;LIU Wen-bin(Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau,College of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,蒙古高原生态学与资源利用教育部重点实验室,内蒙古自治区环境污染控制与废物资源化重点实验室,呼和浩特010021 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第5期2221-2228,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801602);国家自然科学基金项目(21677169)。

摘　　要：长江下游地区是我国一个典型的化学工业园区聚集地,化工园区企业生产过程中产生和排放的多环芳烃通过大气沉降、地表径流等方式进入支流水体,并最终汇入长江.本研究选择了典型的支流水体,开展了多环芳烃的分布特征、源解析和生态风险评估研究.结果表明多环芳烃单体以低环为主,总浓度为37.27~285.88 ng·L^-1,平均值为78.31 ng·L^-1.PAHs单体浓度范围0~61.35 ng·L^-1,检出率最低单体为苯并[k]荧蒽和苯并[a]芘,其检出率均为75%.苯并[a]芘是毒性当量因子最大的PAHs,其浓度范围为0~11.08 ng·L^-1.根据我国《生活饮用水水源水质标准》(CJ 3020-1993)规定,饮用水中苯并[a]芘的限值为10 ng·L^-1,其中研究区域内无锡市的一个水样(S12)中浓度超出了标准限值,长江下游支流水体的PAHs浓度总体处于低至中等的污染水平.根据比值法和主成分分析的源解析结果,水体中多环芳烃主要受化工排放、汽车尾气的影响,还有部分来自燃煤.生态风险评估结果显示,水体的生态风险处于中等水平,从长期的环境暴露角度出发,应当考虑采取相应地控制措施,防止进一步污染.研究结果可为长江下游支流水环境中多环芳烃风险评估以及化工园区的污染控制提供参考.The lower reaches of the Yangtze River are a typical gathering place of chemical industrial parks in China. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) emitted in the production process of chemical enterprises enter the tributary water body through atmospheric deposition and surface runoff, and finally merge into the Yangtze River. In this study, the distribution characteristics, source analysis, and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in a series of typical water samples collected in the tributary waters of the Yangtze River were studied. PAH monomers in the samples were mainly low-ring. The total concentration of PAHs was in the range of 37.27 to 285.88 ng·L^-1 with a mean value of 78.31 ng·L^-1, while the monomer concentration of PAHs ranged from 0 to 61.35 ng·L^-1. The lowest detection rate was benzo [k] fluoranthene and benzo [a] pyrene at 75%. As a toxic PAH monomer, the concentration of benzo [a] pyrene ranged from 0 to 11.08 ng·L^-1. According to "Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water Sources(CJ 3020-1993)" of China, the concentration of benzo [a] pyrene in a water sample(S12) located near Wuxi City exceeded the limit of drinking water standards(10 ng·L^-1). Compared with the total concentration of PAHs in rivers in some typical regions of the world, the concentration of PAHs in this study was generally at low to moderate levels. According to the source analysis results of the ratio method and principal component analysis, the concentration of PAHs in water was mainly affected by fossil combustion, automobile exhaust, and chemical emissions. To assess the potential ecosystem risk of PAHs in the investigated area, the risk quotient(RQ) was used. In addition to the DBA monomer, the relative quantities(RQs)(replication) of the remaining monomers were greater than 1, and the RQ(MPCs) values in all the monomers were less than 1, indicating that the ecological risk of water samples was at a medium level. From the perspective of long-term environmental exposure, appropriate control measures should be conside

关 键 词：多环芳烃(PAHs) 长江 水体 生态风险评估 来源 分布 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]