基于风险的LPG储配站储罐防火间距的确定  

Determination of Fire Prevention Distance of Storage Tanks in LPG Storage and Distribution Station Based on Risk

作　　者：张涛 ZHANG Tao

机构地区：[1]中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司,天津300074

出　　处：《煤气与热力》2020年第3期J0018-J0019,J0045,共3页Gas & Heat

摘　　要：从人们可承受的风险角度出发,以总容积大于5 000 m3且小于10 000 m3、单罐容积大于等于1 000 m3的液化石油气储配站为研究对象,探讨储罐与周围建构筑物(居住区、村镇和学校、影剧院、体育馆等重要公共建筑)防火间距的确定原则。储罐事故影响距离、风险评价均采用DNV PHAST软件进行计算。在事故影响距离中,储罐泄漏蒸气云爆炸的事故影响距离最大,达到1 278 m,但实际应用中不可能以该事故影响距离作为防火间距。由风险分析结果可知,在储配站东南西北4个方向上,以南侧储罐大破裂的风险贡献率最大。因此,以储罐至10-5a-1风险等高线的最小间距(100 m)作为储配站与周边建构筑物的防火间距。在加强设备本质安全及加强风险管控的前提下,防火间距还可适当减小。From the point of view of the risk that people can bear,taking the LPG storage and distribution station with a total volume more than 5 000 m3 and less than 10 000 m3 and a single tank volume more than or equal to 1 000 m3 as the research object,the principles for determining the fire prevention distance between storage tanks and surrounding structures( residential areas,villages and towns,schools,cinemas and theaters,stadiums and other important public buildings) are discussed. The distance affected by tank accident and the risk assessment are calculated by DNV PHAST software. In the accident impact distance,the accident impact distance of storage tank leakage vapor cloud explosion is the largest,reaching 1 278 m,but it is impossible to take this accident impact distance as the fire prevention distance in practical applications.According to the risk analysis results,in the four directions of east,south,west and north of the storage and distribution station,the risk contribution rate of large rupture of the southern storage tank is the largest.Therefore,the minimum distance( 100 m) from the storage tank to the 10-5 a-1 risk contour line is taken as the fire prevention distance between the storage and distribution station and surrounding structures. On the premise of strengthening the essential safety of equipment and strengthening risk control,the fire prevention distance can also be reduced appropriately.

关 键 词：液化石油气储配站 防火间距 风险分析 

分 类 号：TU996.6[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]