运城盆地峨眉台地前缘黄土塌陷现状及地质主控因素  

Collapses of loess at the front of the Emei tableland in the Yuncheng basin and their major geological controlling factors

作　　者：李振宏[1] 姜博宇 董晓朋[1] 杨勇[1] 崔加伟 公王斌[1] LI Zhenhong;JIANG Boyu;DONG Xiaopeng;YANG Yong;CUI Jiawei;GONG Wangbin(Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Xi’an Branch Corporation,China Petroleum Materials Corporation,Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国石油物资有限公司西安分公司,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2020年第2期171-178,共8页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190018);国家自然科学基金项目(41372122)。

摘　　要：运城盆地峨眉台地前缘新庄村一带地表黄土塌陷严重,其演化过程及其发展趋势是评估地质灾害发生可能性及时限性急需解决的关键地质问题。以地表地质调查为基础,结合遥感资料解译及三分量共振成像技术,综合分析了新庄村黄土塌陷区近10 a来的发展过程及现今的内部结构。研究结果显示,峨眉台地前缘处于黄土与湖相沉积的过渡地带,地层序列兼具湖相与黄土沉积特征,纵向上砂层与黄土间互出现,奠定了黄土塌陷区的物质基础;遥感资料解译结果表明黄土塌陷区自2011年开始,经历了一个孕育至快速发展的过程;三分量共振成像技术对黄土塌陷内部结构监测数据表明,黄土内部已形成纵横交错的孔洞系统,说明新庄村一带地质结构奠定黄土塌陷的物质基础,峨眉台地前缘断裂活动形成的地表裂缝加速黄土塌陷的进程,该区已成为一个高风险的地质灾害易发区。研究成果为峨眉台地前缘地质灾害的预防提供了基础地质资料。There developed a lot of collapse areas at the front of Emei tableland in Yuncheng Basin,especially around Xinzhuang village.Their evolution process and trend are pivotal issues for evaluating the possibility,time and location of geological hazards.Based on the geological survey in the shallow surface,combining the interpretation of remote sensing data and three-component resonance imaging technique,the surface ground evolution process of the loess collapse area for the past ten years and the present interior structure were summarized.First of all,the front of Emei tableland lies in the transition zone from loess to lacustrine deposits.Therefore,the sedimentary sequence in this area has sedimentary characteristics both of loess and lacustrine deposits.The interbeds of sand and loess in the vertical sequence provide lithological foundation for the collapse of loess.Besides that,there developed a series of fissures controlled by the active fault beneath the loess.Then,it was observed that the collapse area of loess had experienced a fast evolution process from gestation to rapid growth period since 2011 according to the interpretation results of remote sensing data.Furthermore,the three-component resonance imaging results show that there are a lot of voids connecting with each other beneath the loess collapse area.Overall,the lithology combination laid the material foundation for the collapse of loess,and the fissures in the surface around Xinzhuang village accelerated the collapse of loess at the front of Emei tableland.To sum up,this area has become a geological hazard zone at high risk.

关 键 词：黄土塌陷 遥感解译 三分量共振 峨眉台地 运城盆地 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学] P642.131