典型废旧塑料再生基地周边农田土壤中PAHs污染特征及健康风险评价  

Contamination characteristics and health risk assessment of PAHs in farmland soil around a typical waste plastics recycling base

作　　者：陈苗苗 孙淑 周震峰[1,2] CHEN Miaomiao;SUN Shu;ZHOU Zhenfeng(College of Resources&Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109;Qingdao Research Center of Rural Environmental Engineering,Qingdao 266109)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,青岛266109 [2]青岛市农村环境工程研究中心,青岛266109

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2020年第5期1836-1847,共12页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41201507,41301552);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(No.201503107);山东省“两区”建设专项资金项目(No.2011⁃黄⁃19);山东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No.S201910435023);青岛农业大学大学生创新创业训练项目(No.2019⁃212)。

摘　　要：为了解废旧塑料再生行业对周边农田土壤环境的影响,在莱州市废旧塑料再生基地内部及周边农田采集22个土壤样品,利用高效液相色谱法对样品中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量进行了检测,并对其污染特征及健康风险进行了分析.结果表明,基地周边农田土壤中16种PAHs总含量为60.50~303.48μg·kg^-1,除(Chr)、二苯并(a,h)蒽(DahA)外,其余组分的检出率均为100%.萘(Nap)、苊烯(Acy)、苊(Ace)为主要组分,分别占总量的49.57%、21.32%、14.95%.参考Maliszewska⁃Kordybach的土壤PAHs污染程度划分方法,仅有22.73%样品达到轻微污染且集中于基地内部.在空间分布上,基地内部农田土壤中PAHs含量显著高于外部,总体表现为距基地越远,农田土壤中PAHs含量越低.基地内部各采样点PAHs的构成具有相似性,主要以低环芳烃为主,占PAHs总量的89.56%以上,表明基地内部农田土壤有相对固定的PAHs来源.主成分分析法共提取到3个主成分,表明基地周边农田土壤中的PAHs主要与燃煤、生物质燃烧以及废旧塑料焚烧有关.健康风险评估表明,成人和儿童对PAHs的暴露风险主要通过呼吸途径,儿童的暴露剂量均高于成人,但非致癌及致癌风险水平均在可接受范围.In order to investigate the effect of waste plastics recycling industry on farmland soil,22 farmland soil samples were collected in and around the waste plastics recycling base in Laizhou.The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were tested by HPLC,and the contamination characteristics and health risk were analyzed.The concentrations of these 16 PAHs ranged from 60.50 to 303.48μg·kg^-1,and all of them were detected in all samples except chrysene(Chr)and dibenz(a,h)anthracene(DahA).The naphthalene(Nap),acenaphthylene(Acy)and accenaphthene(Ace)were the main components,accounting for 49.57%,21.32%and 14.95%of the total 16 PAHs respectively.According to the classification method of PAHs pollution degree proposed by Maliszewska-Kordybach,22.73%of soil samples reached the degree of slight pollution,which were collected mainly in the base.The concentration of PAHs in the farmland inside the base was significantly higher than the outside,and decreased as the distance from the base increased.The composition of PAHs of each sampling point in the base was similar.The low ring aromatic hydrocarbons was the main component with more than 89.56%of the total PAHs,indicating relative fixed PAHs sources.Three principle components were extracted by the principle component analysis method,which showed the PAHs in farmland soil around base were related to combustion of coal,biomass,and waste plastics incineration.The human health risk assessment indicated that the intake of PAHs by breathing was the most important exposure pathway for adults and children,and the exposure doses of children were higher than those of adults.However,the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk levels were acceptable.

关 键 词：废旧塑料再生基地 农田土壤 多环芳烃 空间分布 健康风险 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]