《毕司沃斯先生的房子》中物之“踪迹”与主体性之解构研究  

A Study of the“Trace”of Things and Deconstruction of Subjectivity in A House for Mr.Biswas

作　　者：兰秀娟 Xiujuan Lan(School of Foreign Language Studies,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学外国语学部,北京100083

出　　处：《外国语言与文化》2020年第2期59-68,共10页Foreign Languages and Cultures

基　　金：北京语言大学研究生创新基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金19YCX066)。

摘　　要：《毕司沃斯先生的房子》的同名主人公将物(特别是房子)看作建构印度移民主体身份的精神寄托和物质载体,但他追寻和拥有过的物只是散落的“踪迹”。“踪迹”的本质动态性造成其意义的不确定性,它不断出现又不断抹除自身,故他追寻的主体身份在“踪迹”的抹除中遭到解构。而作为替补物的“踪迹”又导致意义处于无尽的“延异”中,故他寻求由物质所赋予的固定意义秩序并不存在,追寻过程也证实了其主体身份只是在意指链上滑动。这些“踪迹”是一条线上无穷的点,虽无限接近终极意义却始终无法到达,且起源和终点皆不可寻,这使小说展现出虚无主义色彩。In A House for Mr.Biswas,Mr.Biswas,the protagonist,attaches great importance to the relationship between material and cultural identity,and he deems things(especially houses)as spiritual sustenance and material carrier to construct the identity of Indian immigrants.For him,subjectivity is the origin that he has been pursuing for during his entire life,and things are considered as tools to reach that origin.However,the things Mr.Biswas has spent all his life searching for and has momentarily owned are merely scattering“traces”.The dynamic of the“trace”of a thing causes the uncertainty of its own meaning,and the“trace”constantly appears and effaces itself,so the eternal and stable subjectivity pursued by Mr.Biswas is deconstructed by the effacement of the“trace”.In addition,the“trace”as a substitute has led to endless“différance”of meaning,so the firm system led by the existence of things that Mr.Biswas kept seeking for does not exist.In fact,his pursuit of the“trace”only confirms that his subjectivity is slipping on the chain of significations.The“traces”pursued by Mr.Biswas are infinite points that constitute a line,which is infinitely close to but can never reach the center of the ultimate meaning,and neither can the origin nor the end of the“trace”be located,directing this novel to nihilism eventually.

关 键 词：《毕司沃斯先生的房子》 物 “踪迹” 主体性 解构 

分 类 号：I561[文学—其他各国文学]