关中西部大豆产量对气候生态条件的响应  

Soybean Yield in the Western Guan-Zhong Areas:The Response to Climatic Ecological Condition

作　　者：屈洋 王可珍 刘洋 康军科 刘永斌 梁福琴 Qu Yang;Wang Kezhen;Liu Yang;Kang Junke;Liu Yongbin;Liang Fuqin(Baoji Academy of Agricultural Science,Qishan 722499,Shaanxi,China;Yanan Institute of Agricultural Science,Yanan 716000,Shaanxi,China;Agricultural Technique Spreading Centers in Linyou,Linyou 721500,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡市农业科学研究院,陕西岐山722499 [2]延安市农业科学研究所,陕西延安716000 [3]麟游县农技中心,陕西麟游721500

出　　处：《农学学报》2020年第4期71-76,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：陕西省农业厅豆类产业技术体系(2019);陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟“豆类新品种丰产技术集成与示范”(LM2017003);陕西省重点研发计划项目“大豆轻简化栽培关键技术研究与示范”(2018NY-089);国家大豆产业技术体系项目“延安综合试验站”(CARS-04)。

摘　　要：研究影响大豆产量的关键气象因子,为关中西部大豆生产提供参考。以大豆品种‘秦豆8号’为材料进行长期定位观测,探讨大豆产量对气候生态条件的响应。结果表明:大豆产量及主要农艺性状年际间表现分为3类,第一类的平均单产比第二类和第三类分别高1364.55 kg/hm^2和733.8 kg/hm^2,而生育期平均有效积温低于第三类59.18℃,且生育期平均有效降雨高于第二类22.42 mm;灾害性天气与大豆产量及构成因素呈负相关,高温天数和9-10月降雨量与单产呈极显著负相关;大豆单产与花前有效积温、花后有效积温和花前有效降雨呈二次函数关系,且随着花后有效降雨增加不断下降。气象因子对大豆产量及构成因素存在影响,极端天气是决定大豆产量形成的关键。Studying key meteorological factors affecting the soybean yield,we aim to provide a reference for soybean production in western Guan-Zhong areas.We carried out the long-term positioning observation by taking soybean cultivar‘Qindou 8’as the material,and studied the response of soybean yield to climatic ecological condition.The results showed that:the interannual performance of soybean yield and main agronomic traits was divided into 3 categories,and the average yield of the 1 stcategory was 1364.55 kg/hm2 and733.8 kg/hm2 higher than that of the 2 ndand 3 rd category,respectively;but the average effective accumulated temperature at the growth stage of the 1 stcategory was 59.18℃lower than that of the 3 rdcategory,and the average effective precipitation at the growth stage of the 1 stcategory was 22.42 mm higher than that in the 2 nd category;disastrous weather was negatively correlated with soybean yield and component factors,and the high temperature days and precipitation from September to October were significantly and negatively correlated with per unit area yield;the soybean yield had a quadratic function relationship with the effective accumulated temperature before flowering and after flowering and the effective precipitation before flowering,and continued to decline with the increase of effective precipitation after flowering.Meteorological factors have an effect on soybean yield and component factors,and extreme weather is the key to the formation of soybean yield.

关 键 词：大豆 产量 气象因子 关中西部 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]