基于MERIT DEM和DRT升尺度化算法的多分辨率全国河网数据集构建  

A National Multi-resolution River Network Database Based on MERIT DEM and DRT Upscaling Algorithm

作　　者：黄泽群 李超群 吴欢 姜璐璐[5] 男顶 汤秋鸿[6] 王爱慧[7] 赵世湖 Dai YAMAZAKI HUANG Ze-qun;LI Chao-qun;WU Huan;JIANG Lu-lu;NAN Ding;TANG Qiu-hong;WANG Ai-hui;ZHAO Shi-hu;Dai YAMAZAKI(School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies,Guangzhou 510275,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai),Zhuhai 510301,China;Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center,University of Maryland,College Park,Maryland MD 20742,USA;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center,Ministry of Natural Resources of the People′s Republic of China,Beijing 101300,China;Institute of Industrial Science,University of Tokyo,Tokyo 113-8654,Japan)

机构地区：[1]中山大学大气科学学院,广东珠海519082 [2]广东省气候变化与自然灾害研究重点实验室,广东广州510275 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海510301 [4]Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center,University of Maryland,College Park,Maryland MD 20742,USA [5]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [6]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [7]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [8]自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心,北京101300 [9]Institute of Industrial Science,University of Tokyo,Tokyo 113-8654,Japan

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2020年第3期1-9,共9页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41775106);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作交流项目(41861144014);国家自然科学基金委员会-广东省自然科学基金委员会项目(U1811464);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604300);广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030313221)。

摘　　要：相对较粗空间分辨率(>1 km)的水文网络或水文地理数据集是大尺度水文及陆面过程模型的基本输入数据,需要从数字高程模型中提取高分辨率河网并通过升尺度化获取。MERIT DEM是消除了复合误差的新版全球高分辨率(90 m)数字高程模型,提取的高分辨率河网信息更为精准。DRT是当前国际水文领域常用的高效河网自动升尺度化算法之一,可将高分辨率河网的结构特性完好地输出到粗分辨率河网。该文选取MERIT DEM的中国部分作为数据源,通过DRT升尺度化算法获取全国1°、1/2°、1/4°、1/8°、1/10°、1/16°分辨率的河网数据(流向、河网、流域面积、流距),并采用目视检验、流域面积一致性检验、流距评估等方法综合验证了DRT升尺度数据集的质量。结果表明,DRT算法性能优越,生产的大尺度数据集准确地保护了河道位置、流动方向和流域面积等在高分辨率DEM中描绘的水文特征,将有效降低我国境内流域水文模拟中由水文地形参数化引起的不确定性。Coarse-resolution(i.e.,>1 km)hydrographic databases including river networks,flow direction,flow distance,drainage area data layers,are important inputs for runoff routing simulation in macroscale land surface and hydrologic modeling.They can be derived from hydrographic information extracted from high-resolution DEM(i.e.,<1km)by using automated upscaling algorithm.MERIT DEM is a newly developed high resolution(90 m)global digital elevation dataset that has removed multiple errors with improved quality compared to the HydroSHEDS which has served the hydrology community many years.The dominant river tracing(DRT)upscaling algorithm adopted in this study is a widely used highly-efficient upscaling algorithm which preserves the drainage structure at any coarser resolutions from the baseline high resolution hydrography inputs.In this study,we apply the DRT to MERIT DEM to produce upscaled(1/16°~1°)hydrography datasets for all China river basins.The results are validated by comparing the upscaled results to the baseline inputs,as well as with very careful visual inspection.The validation results show that the DRT algorithm has robust performance in preserving the hydrologic features of flow direction,flow distance and drainage area from the original DEM,while prioritizing the larger and more important rivers and river basins in a progressive way.The generated hydrographic datasets are highly valuable for hydrological modeling and the related research and applications of large scale river network.

关 键 词：数字高程模型 河流网络 升尺度化 流距 流向 水文模型 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]