从伊凡四世“出走事件”看俄罗斯国家的政治博弈  

The Political Rivalry in the Moscow Principality:Studied through the Case of Ivan IV’s Runaway

作　　者：刘雪野 王晓菊[2] LIU Xue-ye;WANG Xiao-ju(Graduate School ,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Institute of World History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《安徽史学》2020年第3期120-128,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所创新工程项目“俄罗斯东欧中亚:社会经济与历史文化”(2019—2021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在俄国中央集权和君主专制政体形成过程中,伊凡四世时期无疑是非常重要的历史阶段。1564年,伊凡四世突然携家眷迁往亚历山大罗夫村,这一疑似逊位的举动成为特辖制改革的导火索。16世纪中后期,俄罗斯国家围绕“分权与专权”展开激烈的政治博弈,是为伊凡四世出走的深层原因。伊凡四世与库尔布斯基的书信辩论不仅揭示了政治博弈的实质,同时将君主专制的政治观点上升至理论高度。而伊凡四世得以返回莫斯科,则反映出沙皇在这场博弈中艰难取胜,预示着俄国在中央集权和君主专制道路上更进一步。During the formation of the Russian centralization and monarchy,the era of Ivan IV was undoubtedly a significant period.In 1564,Ivan IV suddenly moved to the village of Alexandrov with his family.This move towards semi-resignation became the trigger of the special regime reform.In the mid-to-late 16th century,the Russian state launched a fierce political rivalry around“decentralization and dictatorship”,which was the deep reason for Ivan IV’s departure.The debate between Ivan IV and Kurbsky in their letters not only revealed the essence of the political rivalry,but also raised the political views of the absolute monarch system to a theoretical level.The return of Ivan IV to Moscow reflected the difficult victory of the Tsar in this rivalry,and indicated that Russia’s centralization and monarchy will go further.

关 键 词：伊凡四世 亚历山大罗夫村 大贵族 政治博弈 

分 类 号：K512.33[历史地理—历史学]