水体底泥污染物理覆盖材料选择及其污染阻断效果研究  

Selection of Material for Sediment Pollution Control In-situ and Its Pollution Blocking Mechanism

作　　者：胡易坤 刘超[1,2] 吴林骏 李乃稳[1,2] HU Yi-kun;LIU Chao;WU Lin-jun(College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都6100652 [2]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第11期67-70,76,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划重点研发项目(2018SZ0279);成都市重大科技应用示范项目(2019-YF09-00081-SN)。

摘　　要：随着我国对河流、湖泊的生态环境治理力度的不断加大,外源污染已得到较好的控制,但很多地区的内源污染问题一直被搁置,缺乏有效治理方法。通过试验研究了石英砂、火山岩、麦饭石和陶粒4种材料对黑臭河流底泥氮磷释放的阻隔效果。结果表明,原位物理覆盖技术对氮、磷都有着较好的阻隔效果。4种覆盖材料对底泥中氨氮释放的阻隔效果对比结果为:陶粒、麦饭石>火山岩>石英砂。陶粒对磷的阻隔率最高且稳定,阻隔效果对比结果为:陶粒>麦饭石>石英砂>火山岩。究其原因主要有两点,一是取决于覆盖材料密实程度,二是受控于材料的吸附特性。通过等温吸附模型分析发现陶粒对磷吸附性能最强,而麦饭石对氨氮吸附性能最强,这是陶粒和麦饭分别对磷和氨氮阻隔效果最佳的主要原因。With the increasing efforts of China’s ecological environment control of rivers and lakes,the external pollution has been rectified in general,but the problem of endogenous pollution in many areas has been shelved and there is less effective treatment.In this paper,the effects of quartz sand,volcanic rock,medical stone and ceramsite on the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediment of black odor river are studied experimentally.The results show that the in-situ physical coverage technology has a good barrier effect on nitrogen and phosphorus.The comparison results of the blocking effect of four covering materials on the release of ammonia nitrogen in the sediment are:ceramsite,medical stone>volcanic rock>quartz sand.The ceramsite has the highest and most stable barrier to phosphorus and can be maintained at 85%.The contrast effect is:ceramsite>medical stone>quartz sand>volcanic rock.There are two main reasons for this,one is the porosity of the material,and the other is controlled by the adsorption characteristics of the material.The kinetic adsorption model showed that the ceramsite had the strongest adsorption capacity for phosphorus,while the medicinal stone had the strongest adsorption performance for ammonia nitrogen.This is the main reason why ceramsite and medical stone have the best barrier effect on phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen respectively.

关 键 词：材料筛选 黑臭水体 底泥 原位覆盖 吸附 氨氮 磷 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]