红河州烤烟大田期气象条件分析  

Analysis of Meteorological Conditions in the Field of Flue-cured Tobacco in Honghe Prefecture

作　　者：杨丽娜 冀新威[2] 李佛琳[1] 吕冰冰 黄坤[2] 普恩平[2] 陈泽林 宋文峰[2] 杨晓琳[2] YANG Li-na;JI Xin-wei;LI Fo-lin(Tobacco College of Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201;Honghe Branch Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Mile,Yunnan 652300)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省烟草公司红河州公司,云南弥勒652300

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第11期216-220,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司资助项目(2018530000242012)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示云南省红河州8个植烟县烤烟大田期的气候规律及特点,为红河州优质烤烟的生产拟定科学、合理的农艺措施提供依据。[方法]比较分析了1981-2010年红河州石屏、建水、开远、个旧、蒙自、屏边、弥勒、泸西共8个植烟县烤烟大田生育期(4-9月)的光照、温度、水分、气象灾害等自然气候条件。[结果]①大田期降雨量,成熟期>旺长期>团棵期>移栽期,且成熟期和旺长期的降雨量显著高于移栽期和团棵期;各地降雨量以屏边最高,个旧次之,且均高于8个植烟县降雨量的均值,石屏、建水、开远、蒙自、弥勒、泸西降雨量均低于8个植烟县降雨量的均值;降雨量≥0.1 mm、≥10.0 mm、≥25.0 mm、≥50.0 mm的天数从4月开始逐渐上升,到7月天数最多,然后又逐渐下降。②烤烟生育期气温,旺长期>团棵期>成熟期>移栽期;开远最高,达到24.2℃,以泸西和个旧最低,均为20.0℃;最高气温的平均值5月>4月>7月>6月>9月>8月,最低温度以4月最低,然后逐渐升高,7月达13.9℃,然后又逐渐下降。③月总日照时数,从4-9月呈现下降趋势;8个县平均日照时数间没有显著差异,介于145.8~183.0 h;阴天日数从4月开始逐渐上升,7月份达10.8 d,随后又出现下降趋势。④整个生育期雷暴发生的概率都比较大,霜降没有发生的风险;大风和冰雹以4月和5月发生概率较大,且冰雹以泸西、建水、个旧、屏边发生的概率高于其他4个地方。[结论]红河州作为云南省优质烟叶产区之一,烤烟大田生育期低温、移栽期干旱、成熟期多雨寡照是影响烟叶质量的主要气象因子。大风、冰雹、暴雨是影响烟叶产质量的主要气象灾害。[Objective]To reveal the climatic rules and characteristics of flue-cured tobacco field period in 8 tobacco planting counties of Honghe Prefecture in Yunnan Province,and to provide scientific and reasonable agronomic measures for the production of high quality flue-cured tobacco.[Method]The climatic conditions of flue-cured tobacco field growth period(April to September)in Honghe County from 1981 to 2010 were compared and analyzed,such as light,temperature,water and meteorological disasters in Shiping,Jianshui,Kaiyuan,Gejiu,Mengzi,Pingbian,Mile and Luxi.[Result]The results showed:①In field stage,rainfall took on mature stage>prosperous stage>rosette stage>transplanting stage,and the rainfall in mature stage and prosperous period was significantly higher than that in transplanting stage and rosette stage,and the rainfall in mature stage and prosperous period was significantly higher than that in transplanting stage and rosette stage.The rainfall of Pingbian was the highest,followed by the old,and all of them were higher than the average rainfall of the 8 counties,Shiping,Jianshui,Kaiyuan,Mengzi,Mile and Luxi were lower than the average rainfall of the 8 counties.The days of rainfall≥0.1 mm,≥10.0 mm,≥25.0 mm,≥50.0 mm increased gradually from April to July,and then decreased gradually.②The temperature of flue-cured tobacco growing period was prosperous period>rosette stage>mature stage>transplanting stage,the temperature of phase field in the 8 counties was the highest,reaching 24.2℃,and Luxi and Gejiu were the lowest,reaching 20.0℃.The average maximum temperature from April to September in the 8 counties of Honghe Prefecture from April to September was the lowest in April,then increased gradually,reaching 13.9℃in July,and then decreased gradually.③The total monthly sunshine hours showed a downward trend from April to September,and there was no significant difference between the average monthly sunshine hours in flue-cured tobacco growing period in 8 counties,which was between 145.8-183.0 h.The n

关 键 词：烤烟 气象条件 红河州 

分 类 号：S162[农业科学—农业气象学]