阿什河流域氮磷输出负荷及其与下垫面特征的关系研究  

Relationship Between Character of Underlying Surface with Load of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Ashi River Basin

作　　者：高晓曦 左德鹏 马广文[2] 徐宗学 李佩君 GAO Xiao-xi;ZUO De-peng;MA Guang-wen;XU Zong-xue;LI Pei-jun(Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology,College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,State Environment Protection key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring Quality Control,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]中国环境监测总站国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2020年第4期5-12,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFC1502703);国家自然科学基金项目(31400449)。

摘　　要：阿什河是松花江一级支流中污染最为严重的河流之一,农业非点源污染所带来的环境问题堪忧。以位于哈尔滨阿城区的阿什河流域为研究区,应用SWAT模型对阿什河流域总氮总磷进行模拟,分析研究区不同土地利用、土壤类型和坡度条件下营养物输出负荷规律。结果表明,不同土地利用总氮输出负荷最大的是农业用地,其次为森林、草地等,其中农业用地总氮输出量占总输出量的81.2%;不同土地利用总磷输出负荷较高的是农业用地和草地,其次为灌丛、湿地和森林,农业用地总磷输出量占总输出量的72.3%。不同土壤类型总氮输出负荷最大的是城区,其次为水稻土、黑土和草甸土等,而各土壤类型总氮输出量占比较高的是黑土、草甸土和暗棕壤,分别占38.5%、27.3%、24.0%;不同土壤类型总磷输出负荷及输出量占比顺序同总氮相一致。不同坡度下总氮总磷输出负荷大小随坡度增高而减小,不同坡度下总氮总磷输出量占比相似。The Ashi River is one of the most polluted rivers in the first tributary of the Songhua River where the environmental problems caused by agricultural non-point source pollution are worrying. In this paper, the Ashi River Basin in Acheng District of Harbin is used as the study area. The SWAT model is used to simulate the total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorous(TP) in the Ashi River Basin. The nutrient yield and output ratio of different land use, soil type and slope in the Ashi River Basin are analyzed. The results show that the maximum TN yield of different land use is agricultural land, followed by forest and grassland, among which the TN output ratio of agricultural land accounts for 81.2% of the total output;the higher output for TP load of different land use are agricultural land and grassland, followed by shrubs, wetlands and forests. The TP output ratio of agricultural land accounts for 72.3% of the total output. The highest TN yield of different soil types is urban, followed by paddy soil, black soil and meadow soil, while the higher TN output of each soil type includes black soil, meadow soil and dark brown soil, accounting for 38.5, 27.3% and 24.0% respectively. The order of TP yield and output ratio for different soil types are similar as TN. Under different slopes, the TN and TP yields decrease with the increase in slope and the output ratio of TN and TP are similar.

关 键 词：非点源污染 总氮 总磷 SWAT 输出负荷 土地利用 土壤类型 坡度 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]