划界与越界:元赋中的“正祀”“淫祀”叙述及其文化内涵  

Setting Boundaries while Breaking Boundaries: Narratives and Cultural Implications of Righteous Sacrifices and Illicit Sacrifices in Yuan Fu

作　　者：丁涵 Ding Han

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学文学与新闻传播学院

出　　处：《江海学刊》2020年第3期219-227,255,共10页Jianghai Academic Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“辞赋艺术文献整理与研究”(项目号:17ZDA249)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：元代的官方和民间祭祀活动靡然成风,但这一时期的祭礼文献却相当零散匮乏。而元赋在史乘、方志、宗教典籍和俗文学之外,恰对国家正祀体系内、外的"正祀""淫祀"多有载述和评詙。这些兼具文、史价值的资料不但描述了祭祀的类型、规制和仪程,继而揭示了元代祭祀在中原旧制基础上融入了时代特色和地方元素,还反映了时人祭祀态度的差异。官方在祭祀立场上泾渭分明,赋家看法却不尽然,尽管赞颂正祀和批驳淫祀的典型审视姿态和划界意识在元赋作品中得以保留和体现;但是在特定条件下,拥有深固根基的正祀甚至也难免遭受赋家的非议,而不登大雅之堂的淫祀却往往会得到他们的辩护。元人祭祀观念的复杂性和流动性微妙地折射出权力与文化的冲突和妥协,赋体文学讽喻与颂美的双重功能从中亦一览无余。Both the governmental and non-governmental sacrificial activities were quite popular in Yuan Dynasty.However,the documents of the sacrificial rites during this period of time are fragmented and scarce. Aside from the historical records,gazetteers,religious texts and folk literature,the Yuan fu plays an important role in documenting and judging the righteous and illicit sacrifices. These works,not only demonstrate the sacrificial characteristics of the times and regions,but reflect the differences in people’s attitudes towards sacrifices.In contrast with the clear stance held by the government on the issue of sacrifices,the stance held by authors of the Yuan fu is relatively ambivalent. Although to some degree the glorifications of righteous sacrifices and denouncements of illicit sacrifices are typically seen in the Yuan fu,the situations of the righteous and illicit sacrifices in the fu texts can be reverse under certain circumstances. The conflict and compromise between power and culture as well as the satiric and eulogistic functions of the fu poetry genre manifest themselves in the complexity and fluidity of people’s attitudes towards sacrifices in Yuan Dynasty.

关 键 词：元赋 “正祀” “淫祀” 权力与文化 讽喻与颂美 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K247[历史地理—历史学] B933[历史地理—中国史]