两种药用石斛在广元地区的引种适应性研究  

Study on the Adaptability of Two Introduced Medicinal Plants Dendrobium in Guangyuan

作　　者：何涛[1] 樊小莉[1] 黄田钫[1] 鲁璐[1] He Tao;Fan Xiaoli;Huang Tianfang;Lu Lu(Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy Sciences, Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2020年第3期39-43,共5页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870308);四川省科技扶贫项目(2018NFP0070);中国科学院科技扶贫项目(E0R5110110)。

摘　　要：目的:对叠鞘石斛和金钗石斛在广元地区引种的适应性进行科学评价,为大面积推广提供理论依据。方法:采用调查、观察记录及测量方法获取地理位置、气象要素、形态性状、抗逆性等数据,同时测定总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、醇溶性浸出物和石斛碱含量。结果:叠鞘石斛和金钗石斛群体平均分蘖指数I分别为1.50和0.71。叠鞘石斛引种后茎显著增粗。金钗石斛引种后单茎鲜重显著下降、叶片显著增宽,其他形态学性状差异则均不显著。叠鞘石斛品质达到省级标准,金钗石斛的石斛碱含量达到了中国药典标准。叠鞘石斛越冬平均存活率和抗病率分别为99.75%和97.75%;大棚金钗石斛分别为97.00%和96.75%。结论:叠鞘石斛耐寒性、抗病性均较强,能适应广元的气候环境。金钗石斛抗病性较强,耐寒性较差,在大棚中栽种,冬季覆盖塑料薄膜,能提高越冬存活率。Objective:It was evaluated scientifically that the adaptability of introduction of Dendrobium denneanum and Dendrobium nobile in Guangyuan area,in order to provide theoretical basis for large-scale extend.Methods:The data of geographical location,meteorological elements,morphological characters and stress resistance were obtained by means of investigation,observation and measurement.The total ash,acid insoluble ash,the alcohol soluble extract and the dendrobine content were determined respectively.Results:The average tillering index I of D.denneanum was 1.50,and that of D.nobile was 0.71.There was significant difference in stem diameter of D.denneanum before and after introduction.The fresh weight of single stem decreased significantly after introduction of D.nobile,and the average width of leaf increased significantly.The differences of other morphological characters were not significant.The quality of D.denneanum reached the provincial standard,and the content of dendrobine in D.nobile reached the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The average survival rate of D.denneanum after overwintering was 99.75%,the average disease resistance rate was 97.75%,and that of D.nobile in plastic house was 97.00%and 96.75%,respectively.Conclusion:D.denneanum can adapt to the climate environment of Guangyuan owing to its stronger cold resistance and disease resistance.D.nobile could be planted in plastic house so as to improve the survival rate in winter,which has strong disease resistance and poor cold resistance.

关 键 词：叠鞘石斛 金钗石斛 引种 适应性 广元地区 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]