长江中游地区霾日的年际和年代际变化及其城乡差异成因研究  

Interannual and Interdecadal Variations of Haze Days and the Urban-rural Differences in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River

作　　者：熊守权 杨元建 吴蓉[3] 刘懿枢 张曼玉 李佳雯 李煜斌 Xiong Shouquan;Yang Yuanjian;Wu Rong;Liu Yishu;Zhang Manyu;Li Jiawen;Li Yubin(Hubei Meteorological Service Center,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Atmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Anhui Climate Center,Hefei 230031,China;Yingtan Meteorological Office,Yingtan 335000,China;School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省气象服务中心,武汉430074 [2]南京信息工程大学大气物理学院,南京210044 [3]安徽省气候中心,合肥230031 [4]鹰潭市气象局,江西鹰潭335000 [5]南京信息工程大学遥感与测绘工程学院,南京210044

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2020年第2期33-40,共8页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1506502);湖北省气象局2017年重点项目(2017Z03);国家自然科学基金(41601550、41675009、41505004、41205126);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201726);南京信息工程大学人才引进科研启动基金(2018r014)。

摘　　要：利用长江中游地区的湖北和安徽境内的156个气象站19612013年的逐日能见度、相对湿度、降水、天气现象等常规观测要素,对长江中游地区霾日进行了重建,并分析了霾日长期变化特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明:城市站较乡村站霾日数普遍偏多,且不同区域的霾日年际、年代际有着较为明显的差异。东亚冬季风的阶段性减弱(东亚大槽强度减弱)、北极海冰的减少等气候变率对大气环境容量变小、大气自净能力减弱和霾日的增加有较大的贡献。乡村地区的霾日年际变化和气候变率的相关性更高,表明乡村地区的霾日变化以受气候变率影响为主;而城市地区霾日数和气候变率的相关性较低,表明城市地区霾日变化主要受源排放影响,气候变率对霾日增加的贡献相对较小,城市区域大气环境容量的减弱是气候变化和城市化共同影响的结果。Based on conventional observations from 156 meteorological stations in Hubei and Anhui provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during 19612013,including daily visibility,relative humidity,precipitation,weather phenomena and other weather elements,the haze day data in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was reconstructed,and the long-term variation characteristics of haze days and their main impact factors were analyzed.The results showed that the haze days at urban stations are more than those at rural stations,and have significant differences in interannual and interdecadal variations in different regions.The gradual weakening of East Asian winter monsoon(the strength of East Asia Trough)and the reduction of Arctic sea ice have contributed greatly to the decrease of atmospheric environmental capacity,the weakening of atmospheric self-purification capacity and the increase of haze days in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.The correlation between the interdecadal variation of haze days and climate variability in rural areas is higher,which indicates that the change of haze days in rural areas is mainly influenced by climate variability,while such correlation in urban areas is lower,which suggests that the main source emission in urban areas modulates the variation of haze days,thus making the contribution of climate variability to haze days lower.In particular,the weakening of atmospheric environmental capacity in urban areas is the result of the combined effects of climate change and urbanization,and it also increases haze days to some extent.

关 键 词：长江中游地区 霾日 气候变化 城市化 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]