绿豆象幼虫虫龄的划分及末龄幼虫头部形态和感器观察  

Determination of larval instars and the observation of head morphology and sensilla of the final instar larva of Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

作　　者：崔小林 王宏民 张静 张仙红[1] 郑海霞[1] CUI Xiao-Lin;WANG Hong-Min;ZHANG Jing;ZHANG Xian-Hong;ZHENG Hai-Xia(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;College of Economics and Management,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学经济管理学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2020年第4期512-522,共11页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：山西省应用基础研究计划项目(201801D221305,201901D111230);山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D22104-8);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-08-G10);晋西北杂粮优质绿色关键技术研究与示范(201703D211002-8)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis幼虫的龄期,了解其末龄幼虫头部感受器的种类、形态和分布。【方法】测量绿豆象幼虫体长、头壳宽和上颚宽,根据所得数据的频次分布图、关系拟合结果和戴氏法则确定绿豆象最佳分龄指标,明确幼虫虫龄数,并利用Crosby生长法则和线性回归的方法进行验证;采用扫描电镜对末龄幼虫头部形态及感受器进行观察。【结果】绿豆象体长、头壳宽和上颚宽的频次分布均呈显著的4个峰,因此推断绿豆象幼虫为4个虫龄。各龄的体长变幅分别为1.581~2.556, 2.406~3.381, 3.381~4.281和4.206~4.881 mm,头壳宽度变幅分别为0.444~0.689, 0.654~0.934, 0.934~1.179和1.144~1.389 mm,上颚宽变幅分别为0.080~0.256, 0.234~0.344, 0.322~0.542和0.542~0.652 mm。体长、头壳宽和上颚宽均符合戴氏法则和Crosby生长法则,并呈现明显的线性关系,因此体长、头壳宽和上颚宽可作为绿豆象幼虫龄期划分的重要指标。头壳宽的Crosby指数均小于体长和上颚宽的Crosby指数,且头壳宽与体长测量值的对数值与幼虫龄期的相关系数要优于上颚宽测量值的对数值与幼虫龄期的相关系数,因此可将头壳宽作为最佳分龄指标。绿豆象末龄幼虫头部感器共有锥形感器、毛形感器、瓶形感器、刺形感器、板形感器、栓锥形感器和坛形感器7种感器,主要分布于触角、下颚须、上唇和上颚。【结论】绿豆象幼虫分龄形态指标和头部形态观察为研究其行为活动及综合防治提供理论基础。【Aim】 This study aims to clarify the number of larval instars and to understand the types, morphology and distribution of sensilla on the final instar larval head of the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. 【Methods】 The body length, head capsule width and mandible width of C. chinensis larvae were measured. Based on the frequency histograms, regression relationship and Dyar’s rule of the obtained data, the optimal morphological index for determining the larval instars of C. chinensis was determined. The obtained result was verified by Crosby growth rule and linear regression method. The morphology and sensilla on the head of the final instar larva of C. chinensis were observed under scanning electron microscope. 【Results】 The frequency histograms of the body length, head capsule width and mandible width of C. chinensis larvae showed four obvious peaks, and it is so inferred that C. chinensis larvae have four instars. The four instars had the body length range of 1.581-2.556, 2.406-3.381, 3.381-4.281 and 4.206-4.881 mm, the head capsule width range of 0.444-0.689, 0.654-0.934, 0.934-1.179 and 1.144-1.389 mm, and the mandible width range of 0.080-0.256, 0.234-0.344, 0.322-0.542 and 0.542-0.652 mm, respectively. The body length, head capsule width and mandible width are in accordance with Dyar’s rule and Crosby growth rule, and show obvious linear relationship. Therefore, the body length, head capsule width and mandible width can be used as important indexes for the division of larval instars of C. chinensis. The Crosby ratio of head capsule width is smaller than those of body length and mandible width, and the correlation coefficient between the logarithmic value of head capsule width and body length and larval instar is higher than that between mandible width and larval instar, so the head capsule width can be used as the optimal index for the division of larval instars. Seven types of sensilla including sensillum basiconicum, sensillum trichodeum, sensillum lageniform, sensillum chaeticu

关 键 词：绿豆象 虫龄 体长 头壳宽 上颚宽 感器 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学]