有机-无机肥耦合“增碳控盐”模式对中轻度盐碱地的改良效应  

Improvement Effect of Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Coupling Mode for Controling Salt and Increasing Carbon on Medium-Light Saline Alkali Soil

作　　者：王靖荃 李云 王家辉 诸葛玉平 娄燕宏 崔秀敏 Wang Jingquan;Li Yun;Wang Jiahui;Zhuge Yuping;Lou Yanhong;Cui Xiumin(College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第5期70-76,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目“盐渍土快速改良与地力培肥产品的研发与应用”(2017CXGC0306)。

摘　　要：本着“增碳控盐”的理念,从施肥模式入手,在山东省无棣中轻度盐碱地上开展基于缓控释肥、有机-无机复混肥和生物有机肥或腐植酸增效肥等组成的不同肥料类型耦合,并结合施用脱硫石膏和苜蓿还田进行土壤改良,研究各处理下土壤养分离子及盐分离子在0~40 cm土层的运移特征及苜蓿的生物学效应,探索中轻度盐碱地最佳“增碳控盐”改良模式。结果表明:与常规化肥处理相比,各“增碳控盐”组合处理均可改善0~20 cm土层盐碱土速效氮磷钾的肥力状况,提高苜蓿产量,增幅达8.62%~71.99%。NO-3、NH+4、K+在0~40 cm土层均存在一定程度的淋失,添加外源碳质有一定缓解效果但未能逆转淋失的趋势。生物有机肥和腐植酸增效肥可显著降低0~20 cm土层Cl-、Na+浓度,有效阻滞深层盐分的上行运移累积,降低土壤盐碱度。两年的田间试验表明,“增碳控盐”配合CaSO 4与苜蓿还田可显著改善盐碱土根层的速效养分,实现保肥固肥和降盐控盐的目的,后茬小麦-玉米的增产幅度达5%~30%。Based on the concept of controlling salt and increasing carbon,this study was carried out with different fertilization modes in medium-light saline alkali soil in Wudi County,Shandong Province.Through coupling different fertilizer types,such as slow-controlled release fertilizer,organic-inorganic compound fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer and humic acid synergism fertilizer,it was aimed to improve the soil combined with desulfurization gypsum and alfalfa improvement.The transport characteristics of nutrient ions and saline ions in 0~40-cm soil layer and the biological effects of alfalfa were tested to explore the best improving model for medium-light saline alkali soil.The results showed that compared with the application of conventional chemical fertilizer,each mode of controlling salt and increasing carbon could improve the fertility of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in 0~20-cm saline alkali soil,and the alfalfa yield increased by 8.62%~71.99%.NO-3,NH+4 and K+were leached to a certain extent in the 0~40-cm soil layer.The addition of exogenous carbon had a certain alleviation effect but failed to reverse the trend of nutrient leaching.Bio-organic fertilizer and humic acid synergist fertilizer could significantly reduce the concentration of Cl-,Na+in 0~20-cm saline alkali soil,effectively block the upward movement and accumulation of saline ions from deep layer.Two years of field experiments showed that controlling salt and increasing carbon combined with CaSO 4 and green manure returning to the field could significantly improve the available nutrients in the root layer of saline alkali soil,achieve the purpose of maintaining fertility and reducing and controlling salt;and the following wheat and maize yields increased by 5%~30%.

关 键 词：盐碱地 苜蓿 增碳控盐 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]